This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of PET-Silver nanocomposite filaments at different concentrations (0, 0.180%, 0.135%, 0.090%, 0.045% and 0.022% w/w) of silver nanoparticles in order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of silver incorporated in the PET matrix. The in vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated by the AATCC standard 100: 2012 method, against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 4532. The filaments were tested after one and twenty-one months of preparation to evaluate the effect of time on the antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposites. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity was also evaluated after dyeing the filaments. The silver-free PET filaments have not demonstrated antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against human dermal fibroblasts. Nevertheless, excepted for the filament with 0.022% of silver nanoparticles, all PET-Silver nanocomposites reduced more than 99% the colony-forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia after one and twenty-one months of preparation. This suggests that the MIC of silver nanoparticles incorporated in the PET matrix is lower than 220 ppm (w/w) and the MBC is between 0.022 and 0.045% (w/w). However, after the dyeing process, no antimicrobial activity was observed for any PET-Silver nanocomposite filaments. This may be attributed to the release of silver from the PET matrix during the dyeing process or to the reaction/inactivation of the silver ions by the salts used in this chemical treatment.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber is a very versatile fiber that can be produced with different properties, such as antimicrobial activity. This study aims to synthesize antimicrobial PET filaments incorporated with silver nanoparticles immobilized in silica (NPAg-Si) by bulk additive method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) characterized the obtained filaments at concentrations (w/w) of 0.008%, 0.016%, 0.032%, 0.047% and 0.063% NPAg-Si, in order to identify the nanoparticles and analyze their dispersion in the polymeric matrix. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carry out to confirm the presence and concentration of the silver nanoparticles in the filaments as well as the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The bulk addition method was efficient to produce PET-Silver filaments with silver nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in the PET matrix.
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