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Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography to detect adenomyosis, keeping histopathology as the gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Radiology and Gynecology departments of the Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Aug 2019 to Aug 2021. Methodology: One hundred sixty-two patients were enrolled in this study after taking written and informed consent. After taking history, all patients were assessed by Magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasonography. The magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasound findings were noted on a predesigned proforma. All the patients underwent a hysterectomy, and a Biopsy specimen was sent for histological confirmation of adenomyosis. The accuracy of diagnosis was assessed in both initial modalities. Results: A total of 162 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the females and junctional zone diameter (JZmax) in mm on MRI was 38.56 years and 12.54.9 mm. In terms of parity, 32 (19.8%) females were nulliparous, 68 (42%) females had low multi-parity, and 62 (38.2%) females had high multi-parity. On magnetic resonance imaging, adenomyosis was present in 112 (69.1%) females. On transvaginal ultrasound, it was present in 97 (59.9%) females, and on histopathology, it was present in 105 (64.8%) females, out of which 36 (34%) had diffuse adenomyosis and 32 (30.8%) had focal adenomyosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic resonance imaging was 86.7%, 36.9%, 81.3%, 71.8% and 78.4% respectively and of transvaginal ultrasound it was 65.7%, 50.9%,.............

The study aims to provide information on why adults seek orthodontic treatment in a primary care setting. One hundred patients self-completed a questionnaire previously validated in a secondary care setting. Females accounted for 73% (n = 73) of respondents and the mean age for respondents was 29 years (range 17−50). The main reasons for wanting orthodontic treatment were to straighten their teeth (85%) followed by wanting to improve their smile (79%). The main perceived benefits of orthodontic treatment were an improved appearance (79%), being less likely to be self-conscious about their own smile (57%) and improved self-confidence and/or self-esteem (52%). Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of motivating factors of adults seeking orthodontic treatment may help reduce patient dissatisfaction with treatment outcomes.

Background:In Federal Territory of Putrajaya, the prevalence of physical inactivity in 2015 was 32.5% compared to 2011 with 56.5%, as reported in National Health Morbidity Survey. Although various facilities have been provided in Putrajaya and was selected as a garden city concept town, the public do not use the facilities as much as they should. Only a few studies were conducted on perceived barriers of physical activity, especially in Malaysia. Materials and Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted among Komuniti Sihat Pembina Negara (KOSPEN) community in Putrajaya. A self-administered questionnaire was used in this study. Barriers was categorized into personal, physical and social environment barriers. Statistical test such as parametric test and non-parametric test were used to test the association between independent variables and perceived barriers of physical activity. Multiple Linear Regression test was used to determine the predictors.Result: Descriptive analysis showed that majority of the respondent were married (84.5%), had degree and above (59.2%), unemployed (74.9%), had household income between RM 4000 and RM 8500 (70.7%). The perception that 'other recreational activities with family were more fun' was the most frequently reported barrier. Low knowledge about health and been married status were shown as predictors. Conclusion:The results of this study can be used to design a health programme using the appropriate domain. For future studies, it is proposed to study predictors on each perceived barrier domain and to propagate independent variables to obtain much more information in the future

Background: Diabetic nephropathy becomes a disease with a high mortality rate in this modern era of technology. Dialysis in diabetic patients affects kidney functioning is the most common treatment for end-stage renal failure but had different musculoskeletal complications due to bone mineral metabolisms like muscular cramping, atrophy and muscular weakness, restless leg syndrome and limb pain that lowers the quality of life and physical function. Objective: To evaluate the effects of low-impact strengthening exercises on limb pain, strength, glycemic control, hypertension and quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods: The randomized controlled study was designed to check the effectiveness of low-impact strengthening exercises on patients involved in the treatment and control group. Using non-probability purposive sampling, data was collected from different hospitals in Faisalabad by providing treatment for six consecutive weeks. Outcomes of measures were pain, strength, glucose level, blood pressure and quality of life which were estimated through the numeric pain rating scale, manual muscle testing, glucometer, sphygmomanometer and kidney disease quality of life questionnaire respectively. Results: Low-impact strengthening exercises in the treatment group showed improvement in muscle strength, blood pressure, glycemic level, pain and quality of life in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease as compared to the control group. Mean values showed that there was a statistically significant difference in different variables between both groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between both groups in the improvement of limb pain and limb muscle strength by low-impact strengthening exercises. These exercises have positive effects on diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease in the treatment group as compared to the control group.