Peripheral nerve injury is one of the most common damages that lead to physical disability. Considering the similarity between the coatings of skeletal muscles and nerve fibers, we conducted this research to determine the effect of muscle graft with Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Laminin (L) on nerve repair. Methods: We cut a 10-mm length of the sciatic nerve from 42 female Wistar rats (Weight: 200±250 g) and equally divided the rats into three groups. In the muscle graft+NGF+laminin group, the degenerated skeletal muscle was sutured with proximal and distal ends of the transected sciatic nerve. Then, NGF (100 ng) and laminin (1.28 mg/mL) were injected into the muscle graft. In the muscle graft group, normal saline was injected into the muscle graft. In the control group, 10 mm of the sciatic nerve was removed without any treatment. Functional recovery was assessed based on Sciatic Functional Index (SFI). Also, tracing motor neurons and histological studies were performed to evaluate nerve repair. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA test. Results: The Mean±SD SFI value significantly increased in the muscle graft+NGF+laminin (-76.6±2.9) and muscle graft (-82.1±3.5) groups 60 days after the injury compared to the control group. The Mean±SD number of labeled motor neurons significantly increased in the muscle graft+NGF+laminin (78.6±3.1) and muscle graft (61.3±6.1) groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). The mean number of myelinated axons in the distal segments of the muscle graft+NGF+laminin increased significantly compared to the muscle graft group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that muscle graft followed by NGF and laminin administration have therapeutic effects on nerve repair.
Background: Today, wireless communication systems are destructive with increased lipid peroxidation and oxidation state and have adverse biological effects on human health. Objectives: In this study, we examined the effects of exposure to WiFi wireless frequency (2.4 GHz) on histopathological changes in the cardiovascular system of rats. Methods: The experimental groups included 32 adult male rats divided into control (not exposed to heat and WiFi), WiFi (exposed to 2.45 GHz for 52 consecutive days (2 h/day)), heat (water bath of 43°C for 52 consecutive days (10 min/day)), and heat+WiFi groups (exposed to 2.45 GHz then water bath of 43°C). On the 52nd day, the heart was removed, and its total volume and weight were determined using stereological techniques. The number of cardiomyocytes nuclei and the volume of the myocardium were determined. Blood samples were collected to measure reduced glutathione (GSH) content, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde level (MDA). Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The heart weight and volume density of the myocardium increased in the WiFi-irradiated group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, exposure to WiFi increased MDA levels and decreased TAC and GSH compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated that RFW might cause structural changes and oxidative stress in the heart. Also, exposure to radiofrequency decreased total antioxidant activity in heart tissue with histological changes, including myocardium hypertrophy and decreased number of myocytes.
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