Background: Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a widely used quality improvement and risk assessment tool in manufacturing. The aim of this study is to assess potential hazards by failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) method in Yazd Steel Complex. Methods: In this descriptive study, we evaluated the risks in different parts of the complex by using FMEA method and by using FMEA Worksheets (PFMEA) derived from the standard (MIL_STD-882). Failure modes and the various components and effects as using quantitative score to the risk priority (RPN) were obtained. PFMEA worksheets were completed and, we reevaluated the weaknesses part of the system. Activities related to each from the different parts of Yazd Steel Complex by using the scores risk priority (RPN) were evaluated. Then the results obtained by using SPSS software were performed by evaluation and analysis. Results: The findings showed that the steel maker lime unite and steel making ingot casting achieved the highest of RPN before and after corrective actions measures (490, 168) and environmental health unite and roll styles unite achieved the lowest of RPN before and after corrective actions measures (28, 20). Conclusions: The results show that the FMEA technique can identify a higher number of hazards than any other technique. The important point is that selection of an appropriate technique plays an important role in identifying a higher number of hazards.

Oil and gas well drilling activities are associated with numerous hazards which have the potential to cause injury or harm for people, property and the environment. These hazards are also a threat for the reputation of drilling companies. To prevent accidents and undesired events in drilling operations it is essential to identify, evaluate, assess and control the attendant risks. In this work, a structured methodology is proposed for risk assessment of drilling activities. A case study is performed to identify, analyze and assess the risks arising from human factors in one of the on shore drilling sites in southern Iran. A total of 17 major hazards were identified and analyzed using the proposed methodology. The results showed that the residual risks of 100% of these hazards were in the acceptable or transitional zone, and their levels were expected to be lowered further by proper controls. This structured methodology may also be used in other drilling sites and companies for assessing the risks.

Natural gas (NG) is one of the widely used domestic fuels in most of the countries, and because of economical and environmental advantages, its consumption is continuously increasing. As a result, complex piping systems are being installed to transport and distribute the gas for end users. Pipelines carrying NG are a significant source of hazard for their adjacent society. The risk of this hazard could be high especially in distribution network and urban areas where the population density is high. The common causes of accident in NG distribution network are: third party interference, corrosion, fatigue, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), etc. Accident in network leads to leakage and release of NG and consequent injuries and losses. To prevent these adverse outcomes, the risks should be identified and assessed carefully, so that they can be controlled and managed properly. In this work, risk assessment of NG distribution pipelines was surveyed and quantitative methods were recommended for assessing the individual and societal risks of distribution network.

ABSTRACT

Today, one of the basic methods in engaging the decision making of senior managers for securing the organizations regarding assessing risks that the industries face, is the analysis of outcomes of processing accidents. The development of process industries is always associated with an increased risk of accidents. Therefore, paying attention to this case is a priority for the safety units in the oil refineries and petrochemical plants. The aim of this study was to investigate safe distance between the storage tanks of gasoline tanks in the petrochemicals of South Pars Region; comparisons to the American petroleum institute were studied. The maximum of length of flame and the ratio of length to radius of flame were measured 20 m and 2.6 m respectively. If occurrence of leakage and pool fire in one of these tanks, the maximum intensity of thermal radiation was equal to 13.7kw/m 2. Hence, there is a possibility to control of fire at a distance of 15 meters from the tanks to heat radiation due to a pool fire, thereby, domino effect does not occur in the event of fire.. The fire is controllable but in case of leakages aggregation and creation of flammable ponds around these tanks, the gathered radiator intensities have immediate explosion potential in the tanks. So, it is proposed, besides increasing the distance between the storage tanks, other measures like quality and safety inspection planning of the connections and controlling instruments of the tanks, inspection of the fire lighting equipment like hydrants, monitors, fire hose reels are done and performance of reaction maneuvers in emergency conditions can take place