Prolonged mechanical ventilation and premature removal from mechanical ventilation (MV) are independent risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Weaning and liberation from MV remain critical stages of a patient's ICU stay. To date, no weaning predictive index has proven to be ideal. Objectives: To determine the frequency of successful extubation in patients on mechanical ventilation after 2 hour of spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients admitted in Medical ICU, meeting the inclusion criteria was enrolled. Non probability purposive sampling was employed. Patients of both gender and age >18 years, on mechanical ventilator for more than 48hrs were included. Two hours of SBT was performed in a semi seated position. RSBI were measured at 1 min after extubation. Patient who have not developed any feature of SBT intolerance, was continued on SBT up to 120 min. All collected data was entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 for analysis. Results: Successful extubation was found to be (86%). in patients with RSBImax <105. Among 43 patients with successful extubation, 60.5% were male and 39.5% were female. The average age was 53+ 14.6 yrs and the average days of MV were 7+ 2.3 days. Rate of successful extubation was high with the age < 60 yrs, in male gender and with duration of MV <7 days. Conclusion: It is concluded from the above study that patients with RSBImax <105 were found to have successful extubation
Objective: To determine the coronavirus disease-2019-related risk perception and altruistic response among undergraduate medical students post-lockdown. Method: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021, at the Baqai Medical University, Karachi, and comprised undergraduates aged 16 and above, studying in medical, dental, physiotherapy, pharmacy and Information technology departments. Data was collected using a structured and standardised online questionnaire. Positive responses led to a perceived risk score ranging 0-9, with a higher score indicating a greater perception of risk. The score was corelated with demographic variables. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 743 subjects, 472(63.5%) were females. The overall mean age of the sample was 21.34±1.8 years. The mean risk perception score was 3.8±2.5, and it was significantly associated with disease exposure (p<0.001). Altruism had a strong association with the perceived risk score (p<0.001), indicating lower risk perception. Conclusion: The risk perception among the students was low, pointing towards a need of psychological assistance program for the students. Key Words: COVID-19, Risk, Perception, Students, Academics, Institutes.
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