Nano-zirconia-supported sulfonic acid as a novel, highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst is reported for the synthesis of multicomponent reactions.
Nano-tungsten trioxide-supported sulfonic acid (n-WSA) was found to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot reaction of aromatic aldehydes, b-dicarbonyl compounds and ammonium acetate to afford 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives in good to excellent yields. The other main advantages of the present method are short reaction times, simple workup, ease in purification and environmentally benign methodology. The reaction conditions were optimized employing Response Surface Method technique (Central Composite Design (CCD)) which is economically considerable because of the minimum number of experiments required to evaluate the effects of multiple parameters on the response.
Epichlorohydrin has been successfully used for coupling nano metal oxides by covalent linkage. Applying this method, a highly efficient and magnetically separable catalyst was synthesized using n‐Fe3O4 and n‐TiO2. This approach is the extension of the third methodology for magnetization of nanoparticles. Stability and catalytic properties of the novel catalyst was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Also, the catalytic activity and selectivity were tested for the oxidation reaction of sulfides to sulfoxides. The catalyst exhibited superior recyclability and reusability. It accomplished six consecutive runs, thoroughly with negligible loss of activity.
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