Background: Helicobacter pylori infection identified as a major cause of stomach ulcers, chronic inflammation and gastric cancer in hemodialysis patients. Dialysis also leads to changes in the composition and flow of saliva. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the salivary Helicobacter pylori infection, Calcium, Urea, pH and flow rate in hemodialysis patients in comparison to the healthy control group. Method: In this study 48 hemodialysis patients and 48 healthy subjects were compared. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was determined by PCR method. Calcium, Urea, pH, salivary flow and gastrointestinal complications in both groups were measured and compared. Results: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 12.48 (25.0%) in the study group and 2.48 (4.2%) in the controls. (P=0.000). Urea, calcium and pH were significantly higher in the patient group .The mean salivary flow rate decreased significantly in the patient group. 58.3% of patients group had gastrointestinal complications. Conclusion: Oral cavity as an important external source of Helicobacter pylori may play an important role in gastrointestinal problems of hemodialysis patients. Helicobacter pylori, Urea, calcium and pH were significantly higher in the patient group .Chronic renal failure can increase pH, urea and calcium in saliva and decrease salivary flow rate.
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a widely prevalent zoonotic disease, caused by T. gondii. Chickens, consumed widely in many countries, are considered as one of the most important hosts in the epidemiology of T. gondii infection because they could be a main source of infection for both cats and humans. There was no information regarding T. gondii infection in chickens in this area, therefore, this investigation carried out to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infections in poultry in Hamadan. Methods: A total of 203 birds including free-ranged, caged chickens and 2 turkeys were studied. The poultries' sera tested by indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for T. gondii antibody. The birds' brain tissue used for testing for T. gondii tissue cyst. Brain of each bird grinded and suspension were made by normal saline and inoculated to peritoneal cavity of five mice. Peritoneal aspirate examined for tachyzoites after 5-10 days. Data regarding kind of bird, age, gender and raising type were recorded and analyzed. Results: Tissue cyst of T. gondii was detected by bioassay in the brain of 3 out of the 203 samples (one FR and one caged) by peritoneal inoculation (1%). Seropositivity for T. gondii antibody was 6.1% (12.196). Positive cases were 6 FR hens, 1 caged chicken and 5 roosters. No positive case found in the turkeys. Conclusion: This study indicates that, both FR and caged chickens may have similar risk of infection to T. gondii and can transmit the parasite to humans.
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