A 2D boundary element method with material damping is developed in order to seismic investigation of constructions with different configurations. The boundary element algorithm, which utilized the time-convoluted kernels is employed in order to incorporate proportional damping. In order to investigate the seismic reaction of two dimensional double and triple semi-sine formed hills subjected to vertical P and SV waves by using a developed viscoelastic boundary element algorithm and responses are presented in the form of graphs, amplification pictures and displacement. In addition, the influences of various damping proportions on site of semi-sine hills with various shapes are analyzed. It can be concluded from the results that the crest of homogeneous adjacent hills have similar shape ratio, potential and larger maximum amplification in comparison with the crest of single hills. Although this difference is increased by increasing shape ratio, it is negligible within the proportions of study shape. In addition, multiplicity of hills increased frequency characteristic of amplification curve and the number of peaks and valleys.
Background: During an earthquake, significant damage can result due to instability of the soil in the area affected by internal seismic waves. Liquefaction is known as one of the major causes of ground failure due to the earthquake. Various procedures have been classified for assessing liquefaction phenomenon into two main groups, including the deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Results: Four deterministic methods and one probabilistic approach, which is a reliability procedure are considered for assessing the liquefaction potential in Babol City. The main purpose of this comprehensive research is to evaluate the liquefaction potential and to determine the validation and accuracy of the reliability approach. For this purpose, 60 boreholes including almost 600 field records in different parts of Babol City are analyzed and liquefaction and nonliquefaction areas are identified. Microzonation maps are provided by result analysis of the deterministic and probabilistic procedures. Finally, a 2D borderline, including (CSR) and (N spt ) is obtained by analyzing all data. Conclusions: The present study illustrates that the evaluation of liquefaction potential by using reliability approach is accurate and this procedure can be recognized as one of the best methods for assessing liquefaction. The map obtained utilizing a reliability approach and the borderline provided in this study, can be utilized for recognizing liquefaction and non-liquefaction areas based on different safety factor and probabilistic procedures.
This paper presents the performance of geofoam-filled trenches in mitigating of ground vibration transmissions by the means of a full experimental study. The results are interpreted in the frequency domain. Fully automated 2D and 3D numerical models are applied to evaluate the screening effectiveness of geofoam-filled trenches in the active and passive schemes. Experimental results are in good agreement with the prediction of numerical modelling. The validated model is used to investigate the influence of geometrical and dimensional features on the trench. In addition, three different systems including single, double and triangle wall obstacles are selected for analysis, and the results are compared for various situations. The parametric study is based on complete automation of the model through coupling finite element analysis software (Plaxis) and Python programming language to control input, change the parameters, as well as to produce output and calculate the efficiency of the barrier. The results show that the depth and the width of approximately 1λr and 0.2λr, respectively are enough to reach the acceptable amount of efficiency for the active isolation for all three systems. For the passive scheme, the role of depth can be ignored for the single and double wall barriers, while depth plays a significant role for the triangle wall system.
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