ÖzUlusal yasa ve uluslararası etik kurallar milli park alanının özelliklerinin kaybolmasına veya değiştirilmesine sebep olabilecek işlemleri yasaklamakta, yapılacak faaliyetlerde doğal denge veya ekolojik dengeyi referans olarak sunmaktadır. Plancılar ise bu sınırları hangi ölçütlerle belirleyebilir? sorusuna cevap arayışı olarak yapılan bu çalışmada, doğal eşiklerin sürdürülebilir ekolojik planlamada kullanmak için analitik bir araç olarak başvurulabileceği savunulmaktadır. Bu çalışma Uludağ Milli Parkı'nda iki odağı belirlemeye yönelmiştir. Bu odaklardan ilki doğal dengenin sağlandığı varsayılan istikrarlı alanları, ikincisi kullanım için nihai kısıtlamalar yani, doğal eşiklerdir.Yapılan analizde; Uludağ Milli Parkı'nın %46'sı ekolojik istikrarlı, %54'ü ekolojik istikrarlılığı olmayan alanlardan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma neticesinde; sürdürülebilir bir yönetim için doğa koruma alanlarında doğal eşik-lerinin belirlenmesi ve ekolojik parametrelere dayalı analizinin yapılması ve değerlendirmesi önerilmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ekolojik eşik, doğa koruma alanı, istikrarlı ekosistemler, doğal denge. Determination of natural thresholds of Uludag National Park AbstractNational laws and international ethical rules on the action to be taken to prohibit a transaction that might cause a loss or change the characteristics of the national park take natural/ecological balance as a reference. To what extent can planners identify these limits? In this study carried out in the quest of an answer to this wuestion it's claimed that natural threshold can be used as an analytical tool for the sustainable ecological planning. The study tries to determine two focuses in Uludağ National Park, which are (1) areas assumed as naturally stable and (2) ultimate restriction for use, that is, natural threshold.As a result of the analysis, it's determined that Uludağ National Park conssts of 46% ecologically stable areas and 54% ecologically non-stable areas. The study suggests that natural thresholds be determined in nature protection areas, analyzed by ecological parameters and evaluated for a sustainable management.
Since sustainability is an optimization between physical (both natural and man-made), economic and social dimensions of development and conservation, plans, policies and applications in rapidly growing metropolises play a pivotal role for manifestation of this challenge. This article consists of three inter-related parts. First, core issues of a sustainable master plan are identified from a wide range of readings of the current literature. Second, as one of the most populated and rapidly growing metropolises of the world, Istanbul's master plans between 1980 and 2009 are evaluated in terms of their convenience to the core issues of sustainability. Finally in context of sustainability, the actual position of Istanbul is criticized on the basis of some additional qualitative and quantitative data. The above-mentioned core issues are: urban compactness, sustainable transportation, conservation of historical heritage, a clear balance between nature and man-made environments / permeability of the built environment (for natural corridors), protection of vulnerable natural assets, rehabilitation of natural ecosystems, natural resource management, a place-based economy, control of the population pressure over the environment, (low-income) housing, provision of social equity and cultural diversity. Consideration of these issues aids in analyzing the main policies of the three master plans (1980, 1995 and 2009) in context of sustainability on the one hand and picturing today's Istanbul, on the other. In fact the gap between planning and the actual situation is a characteristic problem for developing countries where illegal developments are almost legitimate. In these countries, planning also suffers from guiding development in sustainable terms due to lack of institutional capacity, participation and inadequate legal arrangements. In brief, this article focuses on the reasons and consequences of such a gap in the case of a rapidly growing metropolis.
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