Early detection and treatment of amblyogenic factors such as refractive errors and strabismus is recommended and, when the pupillary axis is occluded with severe ptotic eyelids, surgery should be performed as soon as possible to prevent stimulus deprivation amblyopia.

Cataract surgery using superotemporal incision induced significantly less SIA in the early postoperative period.

Background The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of the virus in tear and conjunctival secretions of clinically-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Methods This prospective study was conducted at Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital (2020/190). Nasopharyngeal and ocular samples were obtained by swab technique and investigated by RT-PCR. Results A total of 83 patients were included. The mean age was 61.88 ± 16.04 years. 28.92% of the patients had mild, 65.06% moderate and 6.02% severe pneumonia radiologically. RT-PCR was positive in 31 (37.35%) patients in the first nasopharyngeal swabs and in 19 (22.89%) in the second swabs. 17 of 19 patients had positive both first and second nasopharyngeal swabs; only the second swabs of two patients were positive. The first conjunctival swabs RT-PCR were positive in 5 out of 83 clinically-confirmed patients or 33 laboratory-confirmed patients (rates: 6.02% and 15.15%). There were no positives detected in the second conjunctival swabs. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the conjunctival swabs of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

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Purpose To define late-stage fluorescein angiography (FA) findings in patients who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents (intravitreal bevacizumab or aflibercept) as a treatment for stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in zone II. We also compared the findings of untreated eyes. Method Infants with a history of ROP who underwent fluorescein angiography were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those who received anti-VEGF treatment and those who regressed spontaneously without treatment. Vascular abnormalities, such as vascular leakage, shunts at the vascular-avascular junction, periarteriolar areas with hypoperfusion, fine branching and blunt termination of the vessels and, were recorded. Results Angiography evaluations revealed leakage in the eyes of 27.69% of the infants in the anti-VEGF–treated group and in 21.7% of the untreated group ( p = .638). Among the abnormal vascular findings in the peripheral retina, the ratios of fine branching and blunt termination, numbers of shunts along the vascular-avascular junction, and sizes of periarteriolar areas of hypoperfusion were significantly larger in the untreated group than in the treated group ( p < .05; p < .01). The gestational ages and birth weights were significantly lower ( p ≤ .05) in infants with vascular findings in both groups. Conclusion Vascular abnormalities in the peripheral retina are likely due to the ROP itself. Although these abnormalities were detected by FA imaging in both treated and untreated infants with ROP, they were significantly less frequent in patients treated with anti-VEGF, indicating that anti-VEGF treatments have a partially positive effect on the retinal vascularization process.

No abstract

Ocular trauma affecting the anterior segment of the eye including conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, iris, and lens may be chemical, mechanical, or thermal. Although the eyelids and tear film layer act as a barrier for mild traumas, severe traumas need thorough evaluation and prompt management to prevent catastrophic complications, such as vision or globe loss. The initial treatment approaches to chemical injuries of the eye, abrasion, foreign body and lacerations in the conjunctiva, cornea and sclera, hyphema, secondary glaucoma, and traumatic cataract along with the examination with imaging techniques and history taking tips are going to be discussed in this chapter.

Hasta grupları arasında yaş, cins ve göz içi basınçları arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. (p=0.433; p=0.621; p=0.771). Tüm hastalara HRT3 cihazı ile optik sinir başı ve retina sinir lifi tabakası ölçümleri yapıldı ve sonuçlar kıyaslandı. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında; disk alanı, çukur alanı, rim alanı, çukur-disk oranı, rim hacmi, ortalama çukur derinliği, en fazla çukur derinliği, çukurluk biçim ölçümü parametrelerinde anlamlı farka rastlanılmadı. Çukur hacmi, yükseklik değişim konturu, ortalama RSLT kalınlığı, RSLT çapraz kesit alanı parametreleri ise Grup1'de anlamlı ölçüde kötüydü ve glokom lehine değişiklikler gösteriyordu. Sonuç: PES'lu vakalarda HRT ölçümlerinde glokom lehine değişikliklerin başlamış olduğunu saptadık. Bu nedenle PES saptanan olguların daha yakından takip edilmesi gerektiğini, glokom tanısı konulmamış ve normotansif dahi olsalar göz içi basıncını düşürecek medikal ya da cerrahi tedavilerin uygulanmasının önemli bir seçenek olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.