ObjectiveCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cerebrovascular disease affecting young adults. The majority of the patients are female. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical associations, risk factors and outcomes of the patients with CVST.MethodsThe data of 75 patients with CVST admitted to our hospital between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical features and the thrombophilic risk factors of the patients were recorded. The localizations of the thrombi were determined and modified Rankin score at the time of onset and discharge were calculated.ResultsThe majority of our patients (78.7%) were female. Median age was 35 years (16–76). The most common symptom was headache (86.7%). In 82.6% of our patients, inherited or acquired risk factors for thrombosis were detected. Transverse sinus was the most common site of thrombosis followed by sigmoid and superior sagittal sinuses. Two thirds of the patients had involvement of multiple sinuses. The patients with the involvement of sagittal sinus had better disability at the time of admittance (p = 0.013) while the number of involved sinuses was correlated worse disability (p = 0.015). The neurologic states in the majority of the patients were improved by the end of the hospitalization period (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in disability score at discharge between men and women (p = 0.080). No patient with CVST died in the hospitalization period.ConclusionsThis study is one of the largest cohort studies on CVST in our region. The results of the study disclosed that CVST had wide range of clinical manifestations and non-specific symptoms at the beginning. For that reason, in especially high risk groups for thrombosis, the diagnosis of CVST should be kept in mind.

We aimed to investigate the association between drooling and possible etiological factors in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to determine its effect on the quality of life. Demographic data of the 63 patients with idiopathic PD were recorded. Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's disease (ROMP) test was administered to all patients to evaluate speech, swallowing functions, and saliva control. The freezing of gait questionnaire (FOGQ) was used to evaluate gait and freezing of gait. Dynamic Parkinson gait scale (DYPAGS) was administered for the objective quantification of PD gait features. Disease severity was assessed by UPDRS and modified Hoehn & Yahr Scale. PD specific health-related quality was evaluated by PDQ-39 questionnaire. Drooling was only significantly correlated to UPDRS score; a stronger association was found between drooling and UPDRS 3 motor score; and a more significant association was determined between drooling and the bradykinesia questions of the motor part of UPDRS 3. Interestingly, no significant association was found between sialorrhea score and PDQ-39 score. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that oropharyngeal bradykinesia may be responsible for drooling in PD. In contrast to a general expectation, we did not find any adverse impact of drooling on the quality of life.

Aim In this study, we aimed to show non‐motor symptoms (NMS), in addition to motor symptoms, in the foreground of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). We also examined the prevalence of dopamine dysregulation syndrome, which can be evaluated based on NMS, its risk factors, and its effects on quality of life (QOL) by using various scales and questionnaires. Methods In total, 75 patients with IPD (46 men, 29 women) who attend the outpatient neurology clinic of our hospital were included in the study. The motor symptoms and NMS of IPD were examined. The severity of parkinsonism was evaluated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Cognitive tests, the NMS questionnaire, the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale, and the Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome‐Patient and Caregiver Inventory were used to identify NMS. The 39‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire evaluated QOL. Results We observed a significant increase in scores on the tests assessing NMS, specifically the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, NMS questionnaire, Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale (P < 0.05). These increases correlated with an increase in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score and a stage increase on the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Based on the scores, motor severity most affected QOL. Conclusion Ignoring NMS while focusing primary on motor symptoms in IPD can cause serious insufficiencies in treatment plans. Assessing NMS and dopamine dysregulation syndrome with structured scales that employ an integrated approach can improve QOL in IPD.

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