The prevalence of AD worldwide is estimated to reach 131 million by 2050. Most disease-modifying treatments and drug trials have failed, due partly to the heterogeneous and complex nature of the disease.

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Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis is considered to have critical roles in maintenance of physiological functioning. We aimed to reveal whether there is any specific aberration in thiol-disulfide homeostasis in three distinct categories of individuals, including those who 1) exercise regularly (fitness group), 2) have a sedentary lifestyle (sedentary group) and 3) are overweight or obese (overweight/ obese group). 72 male individuals were included in the study, 21 of whom were in fitness group, 28 of whom were overweight or obese and 23 of whom had a sedentary lifestyle. Plasma native thiol (-SH) and total thiol [(-SH) + (-S-S-)] levels were quantitatively determined. total thiol levels in sedentary group were significantly lower than those in overweight/obese (p<0.05) and fitness groups (p<0.001). Also, disulfide values in fitness group were significantly higher than those in sedentary and overweight/ obese groups (p<0.005, p<0.05). On the other hand, disulfide level, reduced and oxidized thiol ratios and oxidation/reduction ratio in fitness group differed significantly from the other groups (p<0.05). Thioldisulfide homeostasis varies depending on lifestyle. The results of our study indicate that higher total thiol and disulfide levels are conspicuously distinctive features of thiol-disulfide homeostasis in individuals exercising regularly.

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Amaç: Kırılganlık, nöromüsküler, metabolik ve immün sistemde ilerleyen yaşla birlikte fizyolojik rezervlerin azalmasına bağlı olarak meydana gelen güçsüzlük halidir. Kırılgan hastalar tüm sağlık çalışanları için takip ve tedavide en karmaşık ve en zorlayıcı sorunlara neden olan hasta grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; üç farklı kırılganlık ölçeği kullanılarak 65 yaş ve üstündeki hastanede yatan geriatrik hastalarda kırılganlık prevalansının araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma iç hastalıkları ve geriatri kliniklerinde yatan 65 yaş ve üstündeki hastalarda yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 399 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastalarda kırılganlık prevalansının belirlenmesinde, Cardiovaskuler Health Study (CHS), Woman's Health and Aging Study (WHAS) ve Gerontopole kırılganlık ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. CHS ve WHAS ölçeklerinde beş kriterden üçü patolojik olanlar, Gerontopole ölçeğinde ise altı kriterden biri patolojik olan hastalar kırılgan kabul edilmiştir.

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases affecting the central nervous system in young adults. Objective: To investigate demographic and clinical factors that are effective in the development of irreversible disability from the onset of MS, and to identify factors that affect the transformation from the relapse-remitting MS (RRMS) phase to the progressive MS (PMS) phase. Methods: Retrospective study on 741 patients who were diagnosed with RRMS and PMS according to the McDonald criteria, and were enrolled into the Turkish MS database of the Department of Neurology MS Polyclinic, at the Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, in Trabzon, Turkey. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the time taken to reach EDSS 4 and EDSS 6 from the onset of disease, and the time taken between EDSS 4 and EDSS 6. Results: Age of onset >40 years; having polysymptomatic-type onset, pyramidal or bladder-intestinal system-related first episode; ≥7 episodes in the first 5 years; and <2 years between the first two episodes were found to be effective for MS patients to reach EDSS 4 and EDSS 6. The demographic and clinical parameters that were effective for progression from EDSS 4 to EDSS 6 were: pyramidal or bladder-intestinal system-related first episode; 4‒6 episodes in the first 5 years; >2 years until start of first treatment; and smoking. Conclusions: Our findings reveal important characteristics of MS patients in our region. However, the associations between these parameters and MS pathophysiology remain to be elucidated.