Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis during elective cesarean delivery at term to reduce postoperative maternal infectious morbidity is generally used but may not be effective on the basis of the available data. Also, the optimal timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration is unclear.Objective: To compare the effectiveness of cefazolin administered before skin incision vs cefazolin administered after umbilical cord clamping vs placebo in a 3-arm randomized trial. The primary objective of the study was to compare postoperative infectious morbidity, defined as wound infection, endometritis, or urinary tract infection (primary end point), in women with cefazolin vs placebo. The comparison between the 2 arms administering cefazolin before skin incision vs after umbilical cord clamping was a secondary end point.

The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of soil active carbonate contents on availability of micronutrients. A total of 20 soil samples were selected for this purpose. The lime content of the first ten samples ranged from 10.02 % to 10.99 % (CV = 3.23). The active carbonate content of these samples varied between 2.90 % and 6.95 % (CV = 34.18). There were not any significant correlations between the active carbonate and availability of micronutrients in these ten samples. The lime content of the second ten samples ranged from 30.01 % to 34.43 % (CV = 4.31). The active carbonate content of these samples varied between 6.05 % and 14.39 % (CV = 30.01). In the second ten samples, there were not any significant correlations between active carbonate and availability of micronutrients, except for Cu. A negative correlation was observed between active carbonate and available Cu (r = -0.667 *) levels.