Objective: Septorhinoplasty (SRP), one of the most commonly performed rhinologic surgery procedures, can affect olfactory function; however, the findings of studies investigating smell following SRP are controversial. We used a culturally adapted modified Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) to investigate the long-and short-term effects of SRP on olfactory function. Methods:We enrolled 59 patients admitted to the EarNose-Throat Clinic, who were complaining of external nasal deformity and nasal obstruction. Functional SRP was performed on all cases. The B-SIT was administered prior to surgery and at 4 and 12 weeks post-surgery. The smell identification score (SIS) reflected the number of correct answers. In addition, we investigated the effects of gender and smoking on olfactory function and whether the SRP procedure changed these associations. Results:The mean preoperative, 4-week, and 12-week postoperative SISs were 10.15±1.30, 10.21±1.52, and 10.92±0.95, respectively. The difference between the preoperative and 4-week postoperative SISs was not statistically significant; however, the 12-week postoperative score was significantly different from the preoperative and 4-week postoperative scores. Furthermore, the repeated measures analysis according to gender and smoking habit revealed a significant difference between the 4-and 12-week postoperative SISs. One patient developed postoperative anosmia; however, the patient recovered in the 12-week postoperative period. Conclusion

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) affect the amount of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. The experiments were performed on 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6): cage-control (Cg-Cnt) group (n = 6); sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) group (n = 6); and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) group (n = 6). In SEMF and PEMF groups, rats were subjected to 1.5 mT EMF exposure eight hours per day for eight days. In order to obtain tooth movement, holes were drilled on the right and left maxillary central incisors of the rats at a distance 1.5–2 mm away from the gingiva and 20 g of orthodontic forces were applied to the teeth. Generated linear model for repeated measures and Bonferroni tests were used to evaluate the differences between the groups. Interactions among groups by days were found by using Pillai's trace multivariate test. The results showed that significant differences were present among the groups (F = 5.035; p = 0.03) according to the extent of tooth movement. Significant differences between the amount of tooth movements were determined especially after the fifth day and the following days six, seven and eight (p < 0.001). Within the limitations, according to the results of the present study, the application of ELF-EMF accelerated the orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

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Aim: In this study, we aimed to compare the two-dimensional predictions made by two computer software packages with the postoperative values, and thus to evaluate the clinical reliability of digital orthognathic surgery planning. Methodology: Orthodontic treatment was performed before orthognathic surgery, and the same surgical team performed double-jaw orthognathic surgeries. We included 20 individuals (10 females, 10 males) with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The average age of the individuals was 21.5 years. In our study, the amount of movement was determined using reference lines on lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained from the preoperative and postoperative Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) records of 20 individuals. Prediction profiles were formed using Dolphin Imaging (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Chatsworth, CA, USA) and NemoFAB 2D (Software Nemotec, S.L, Spain) computer softwares. In this way, the reliability and consistency of two-dimensional prediction software were examined. Results: The prediction profiles obtained from the computer software were compared with lateral cephalometric radiographs of the postoperative surgery results for 37 cephalometric parameters. There were no significant differences between software predictions and postoperative results in any cephalometric parameters. Conclusion: The plans and predictions made with the two computer software packages were reliable and can be used clinically.   How to cite this article: Balkı M, Doğru M. Evaluation of two different imaging software programs in planning orthognathic surgery cases. Int Dent Res 2022;12(2):70-81. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2022.vol12.no2.5   Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

To evaluate the effect of diode laser use on experimental orthodontic tooth movements. Methods: Thirty Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar were divided into three equal groups (n = 10), two experimentals and one control. Applying 20 g orthodontic force were attached to the maxillary incisors of the rats in all groups. Low dose laser was applied to the surrounding tissues of the maxillary incisors of the rats in the experimental groups. Two exposure times for laser irradiation were used for seven days: t = 12 min (energy dose = 72 J) and t = 9 min (energy dose = 54 J) by a 0.1 W DEKA brand diode laser with wavelength of 980 nm. Results: Osteoclastic activation increased in the 72 J group when compared to control group and decreased in comparison to the 54 J group. Osteoblastic activation was decreased in the 72 J group when compared to the control group and increased in comparison to the 54 J group. Conclusions: Applying 54 J laser energy has been found effective to accelerate the orthodontic tooth movement.

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Objective: Our objective was to investigate and quantify the treatment of micro-implant-aided retraction and torque (R&T) arch on dentofacial structures. Methods:Twelve patients (mean age 21.2 years) who required orthodontic camouflage treatment were included in the study. Following the canine distalization, mini-screws were placed between maxillary first molars and second premolars, and R&T arch was applied for the retraction of incisors. The vertical retraction arms of the arch were adjusted between the apex of the lateral incisor and the alveolar bone so that the retraction force passed through the center of resistance of four incisors and forced the incisors to bodily retraction. Closed coil-springs applying 150 gr of force were used to retract the incisors. The retraction period lasted for 217±34 days.Results: SNA and NV-A decreased (p<0.05), indicating alveolar bone remodeling around Point A. The reduction in the SNA caused a statistically significant decrease in the ANB (p<0.01). SN/1, NA/1, NA-1, and overjet decreased significantly (p<0.01), depending on the retrusion of the incisors. The distances from the apex and incisal point of the central incisor to the SV reference plane also decreased significantly (p<0.01), revealing a nearly parallel movement of the incisors. Anchorage loss of the molars and decrease in nasolabial angle were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion:A combined use of R&T arch with mini-screws is an effective method to retract the incisors without anchorage loss. The type of movement is nearly parallel.