Population growth has brought an increase in energy demand and cost that has a meaningful impact on personal and government expenses. In this respect, governments attach importance to investments in renewable energy resources (RER), which are a sustainable and clean energy source. However, the unpredictable characteristics of RER are a major problem for these clean sources and RER need auxiliary assets. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are one of the promising solutions for these issues. Due to the high investment cost of BESS, governments act cautiously about accepting and implementing BESS in their power network. Recently, with the improvement of technology, the cost of BESS has been reduced, and therefore battery technologies have begun to be applied to conventional systems. In this study, first, we will review and discuss the current globally state-of-the-art BESS and their applications. Later, attention will be turned to a country-specific study for Turkey.
ÖzMedium power transformers are responsible of the great part of total power losses in the grid. With EN50588-1 regulation, no-load and load losses have strictly classified fo † r high-efficient transformer designs. Manufacturers are currently focusing on obtaining the most efficient design with minimum cost. In this paper, manufacturing feasibilities of Si-Fe graded distribution transformers, considering the requirements of EN50588-1 regulation, are investigated. Eleven different steel types in three grades are evaluated using twenty different electrical designs. A prototype transformer was both simulated and experimentally tested to verify the results of design studies. Obtained results show that the manufacturing of A0 and AA0 class transformers are feasible using Si-Fe grades with suitable manufacturing methods. However, amorphous materials seem to be a mandatory choice for AAA0 class transformers in technical manner.
Dağıtım transformatörlerinde meydana gelen güç kayıpları elektrik şebekesindeki toplam kayıpların büyük kısmını oluşturmaktadır. EN50588-1 standardı ile yüksek verimli transformatörlerde izin verilen en yüksek boşta ve yükte güç kayıpları yeniden düzenlenmiştir.Elektriksel kısıtlara ek olarak, transformatör üreticileri için maliyet parametresi önemli de bir kriter olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, EN50588-1 standardında belirtilen kayıp sınıflarındaki dağıtım transformatörlerinin Si-Fe nüve malzemeleri ile üretim imkanı Teknik ve ekonomik yönden değerlendirilmektedir. Bu amaçla, üç ayrı sınıftaki onbir farklı Si-Fe nüve malzemesi kullanılarak yirmi farklı elektriksel tasarım gerçekleştirilmiş olup, bu tasarımların üretilebilirliği teknik ve ekonomik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, uygun üretim yöntemleri ile A0 ve AA0 kayıp sınıflarındaki transformatörlerin Si-Fe malzemeler ile üretilebileceğini, fakat AAA0 kayıp sınıfındaki dağıtım transformatörü üretimi için amorf malzeme kullanımının zorunlu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
-In this paper, various configurations of octagonal wound transformer core topology, which has previously proved advantages on conventional wound cores, are studied. Each configuration has different joint types and different placement of joint zones on the core. Magnetic flux distributions and power losses of each configuration are analyzed and compared. Comparisons are based on both 2D&3D finite element simulations and experimental studies. The results show that, joint types and their placements on the core cause local flux accumulations and dramatically affect power loss of the core.
Different transformer models are examined for the calculation of the no-load losses using finite element analysis. Twodimensional and three-dimensional finite element analyses models are used for the simulation of the transformer. Results of the finite element method are also compared with the experimental results. The results show that 3-dimensional model provides high accuracy as compared to the 2-dimensional models. However, the 2-dimensional half model is the less timeconsuming method as compared to the 3 and 2-dimensional full models. Simulation time duration taken by the different models of the transformer is also compared. The difference between the 3-dimensional finite element method and experimental results are less than 3%. These numerical methods can help transformer designers to minimize the development of the prototype transformers.
Permissible maximum no-load and load losses of distribution transformers are given in EN50588-1 regulation. The main parameter in transformer design, which affects the core loss of a transformer, is core grade. Selecting the superior grades, which have better electromagnetic performance, transformer no-load losses could be minimized. However, such grades increase the cost of core. In this study, ability of designing distribution transformers, which correspond to the loss classes given in EN50588-1, is investigated using eleven different core steels. Then mixed graded core constructions are evaluated to minimize the core material cost, by means of technical and economical manner. Analytically calculated parameters of designed mixed graded transformer are investigated and verified by both electromagnetic simulations using finite element method and experimental tests of manufactured prototype transformer. Considering the current specific costs of different grades, core costs of mixed cores were calculated as 28,2%; 4,45% and 7,81% lower than the reference single graded cores for A0, AA0 and AAA0 loss classes, respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.