In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae grown on various agrowastes were investigated. The antimicrobial activity from the extract of P. eryngii var. ferulae which was obtained from various culture medium was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method by using Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Staphylococcus aureus COWAN 1, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae FMC 5, Candida albicans FMC 17, Candida glabrata ATCC 66032, Trichophyton spp., and Epidermophyton spp. At the end of the experimental studies, the methyl alcohol extracts of P. eryngii var. ferulae were shown to inhibit to different degrees the growth of microorganisms to (7.7-10.3 mm) also, mushroom extracts have a lower antimicrobial activity as to a comparison antibiotic (13.0-18.0 mm).

Abstract:In this study, the amounts of dry matter, moisture, crude ash, protein, fat and organic matter in T. boudieri were determined to be 89. 75, 10.25, 7.80, 20.13, 3.45 and 81.95% of the dry weight, respectively. The contents of mineral were: macronutrients (mg/g, dry wt) K 63.8, Ca 0.27 and Na 0.2; micronutrients (mg/kg, dry wt) Fe 1455.0, Zn 42.5, Mn 15.8 and Cu 30.1. Toxic elements such as Pb, Ni, Cd and Co concentrations were found to be under the detection limit of the used metod. The distribution of fatty acid was found to be 16.13% C 16:0 , 0.98% C 16:1 , 2.98% C 18:0 , 4.91%C 18:1 , 69.74% C 18:2 , 4.53% C 18:3 and 0.72% C 22:0 of the wet weight. The amounts of myricetin, kaempferol, naringin, naringenin and resveratrol were determined to be 1.75, 0.25, 98.75, 0.25 and 2.25 µg/g of the dry weight, respectively. And also, free radical scavenging activity was understood to be 22.24 %.

Olea europea L. emerged as a good source of traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments of various countries of the world, in particular Mediterranean countries. In this study, oleuropein (1), oleanolic acid (2), maslinic acid (3), a mixture of erythrodiol and uvaol (4 and 5) isolated from the leaves of olive were added at two concentrations (1g/100g feed and 4g/100 g feed) into fish feed. Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) were fed twice a day with the feed during 96 hours. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes and glucose levels in the serums of fishes fed with pure compounds were found to be higher as compared with the control group. Pure metabolites affect the liver metabolism of Nile tilapia. These results suggested that the compounds tested affect the liver metabolism of Nile tilapia. Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4+5 (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/Petri dish concentrations) were also tested for contact toxic effects against three important stored pests, Sitophilus granarius (weevil), Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (bean weevil). The toxic effects of the metabolites were lower than those of the insecticide, dichlorvos (DDVP). DDVP caused complete mortality of the insects after 48 hours of treatments, the metabolites caused the mortality rates T. confusum and A. obtectus, respectively. Maslinic acid (3) has the most toxic compound with the lowest LC 50 values (0.66 mg/Petri, 0.61 mg/Petri and 1.71 mg/Petri for S. granarius, T. confusum and A. obtectus, respectively). These results show that maslinic acid (3) as well as other substances can be used as natural insecticides against these pests.

This work aims to conduct research for finding arid-semi arid (desert) truffles that grow in the Elazığ-Malatya area. It was determined that Picoa lefebvrei, P. juniperi, Terfezia olbiensis, T. claveryi and T. boudieri grew naturally in the study areas. Short descriptions of the taxon are provided together with the photograps of fruit bodies and macro-microstructures. In addition, we present new localities for Picoa lefebvrei, P. juniperi, Terfezia olbiensis, T. claveryi and T. boudieri in Turkey. The habitats of these species should be protected by turning the growing fields into natural protected areas.

Trichophyton sp.'nin gelişmelerini değişik oranlarda (8-22 mm çap) inhibe ettiği ve DPPH radikalini giderme etkisinin ise 25 μL (% 1.22-2.58), 50 μL (% 2.31-3.28) ve 100 μL (% 5.24-8.00) örnek eklenen gruplarda daha etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Terfezia türlerinden elde edilen metil alkol özütlerinin, test mikroorganizmalarına karşı Picoa türlerinden daha etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Derişime bağlı olarak gruplar karşılaştırıldığında ise 100 μL örnek eklediğimiz grupta en fazla serbest radikal giderme etkisi % 8.00 ile T. boudieri'de görülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler Antimikrobiyal aktivite, antioksidant özellik, kurak-yarı kurak trüfler, yenen mantar, Terfezia, Picoa.