Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) are nonlinear and timevariant loads that cause severe fluctuations of current, voltage, and current harmonics, voltage flicker, frequency changes, etc. The requirement is to present an accurate model to analyze the function of these types of loads. In this paper, a new model based on hidden Markov model theory is presented for an electric arc. For this purpose, the characteristic of the arc voltage-current is divided into four regions. Then, on the basis of actual measured samples of an electric arc in several functioning cycles of EAF, different operating points are generated in the form of statistical probability, corresponding to hidden Markov theory in the aforementioned four regions. The arc model is designed in the form of a current-dependent voltage source. Therefore, the proposed model is without linear approximation and corresponds to the actual state. Also, in order to be accurate in flicker modeling, a voltage is randomly considered for the arc model. After designing the aforementioned model, the effects resulting from this electric load in the power system are studied and analyzed. The simulation results are compared with the measured arc to show the accuracy and soundness of the model. Index Terms-Electric arc furnace (EAF), flicker, hidden Markov model (HMM), power quality (PQ).
Problem statement: The Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is a non-linear load and creates power quality related problem. Therefore, accurate modeling of the EAF is essential. Approach: In this study, an optimal model for EAF in time domain called exponential-hyperbolic, was proposed to describe the behavior of the EAF for all of the operating conditions and it does not need the initial conditions as they needed for the existing methods of modeling of the EAF. Then, the behavior of the proposed model of EAF on the power system was studied using the PSCAD software. In order to analyze the proposed method, several characteristics for different operating conditions were investigated. Results: In the simulation, the parameters were taken from the EAF of the Mobarakeh Steel Making Company (Isfahan-Iran). The results of the simulation accurately showed the behavior of the EAF of the company. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that the proposed exponential-hyperbolic model was capable in modeling of EAF for different operating conditions
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