No abstract

This article investigates whether firm‐level financial performance is positively associated with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores in emerging markets. The vast majority of extant research in this area has been conducted in developed countries, and in light of this research gap, our study examines these issues using a multi‐industry sample of firms located in 24 leading emerging markets. Using the stakeholder management and institutional theories, we develop and test our hypotheses by applying linear regression analyses on panel data from over 600 firms drawn from the Thompson Reuters Eikon database between the years 2014 and 2018. The results suggest that, after controlling for firm size and leverage, firms with higher ESG scores experience greater levels of profitability. A number of policy and managerial implications are explored based on these findings. This study adds to our further understanding of the relationship between ESG activities and firm performance in emerging markets.

No abstract

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of unemployment on Jordan's economy over the period 1991–2019. This study used the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to investigate the relationship between the unemployment rate and the other variables. Also, we employ the ARDL bootstrap cointegration approach to examine the correlation and long-run relationship among the variables. The empirical finding indicated a long-run relationship between the unemployment rate, economic growth, education, female population, and urban population in Jordan. Our finding shows the negative linkage between economic growth and unemployment, and a positive relationship among the education, female population, and urban population and unemployment in Jordan.

No abstract

The vast usage of sources of energy that pollute the environment has caused major problems of global warming in the world. Global warming and greenhouse effect causes droughts, hunger and starvation among many other health problems. In this research the effect of energy use, economic, growth and renewable energy on carbon emissions in the European Union region from 1990-2019 is examined. The current study differs from previous researches done in this region, in that it speci es in the model "effective capital", which is the interaction between energy and capital (a product of energy and capital).Effective capital is inevitable in the production process, because physical capital such as machinery, without power or energy to fuel it, is dysfunctional. The current research employs the Generalized Method of Moments which is strong over endogeneity and overcomes heteroskedasticity, serial and autocorrelation problems for robust results. The ndings of this research support past studies that renewable energy reduces carbon emissions and Gross Domestic Product exacerbates carbon emissions.Effective capital and energy use are observed to promote carbon emissions, whereas capital and population size reduces carbon emissions in the European Union.

No abstract

This paper contributes to the understanding of the long-run and short-run drivers of income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its sub-regions based on the evidence from bootstrap cointegration and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings from the bootstrap cointegration test reveal a long-run relationship exists for almost the entire SSA and its sub-regions for the dependent variable, independent variables and the overall models. The exception being West Africa where the dependent variable was not statistically significant but the independent variables and overall model were cointegrated. The results from the ARDL show that for SSA, in the long run, economic growth decreases the uneven distribution of income whereas in the short run economic growth increases inequality. A reduction in corruption in the short run and long run makes inequality fall. Population growth in the long run and short run aggravates the distribution of income. A rise in the rate of unemployment in the short run and long run has a positive relationship with income inequality. Trade globalization in the long run heightens inequality but is not significant in the short run.