One of the simplest and most effective individual measures is to wear a mask to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets from carriers to healthy people and patients admitted to corona wards and their staff. This research aimed to investigate the contamination of internal and external surfaces of various masks used by patients and staff with SARS coronavirus, as well as the possibility of airborne transmission in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil. For this purpose, twenty-five staff members and ten patients participated voluntarily in this cross-sectional study. Sampling was performed using swaps on both sides (inside and outside) of various surgical masks, N-95, and filtering face piece FFP2 through standard methods in compliance with the relevant conditions and from a surface of at least 5 cm 2 . Next, the collected samples were immediately transferred to a laboratory and analyzed by real-time PCR method to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus after viral genome extraction. Based on the obtained results, from a total of 30 collected samples (25 of personnel masks plus 5 samples of hospitalized patients’ masks). A total of 60 masks were sampled. For every collected sample, the researchers studied both inside and outside of the mask. Upon analyzing the data, it was showed that 6 mask samples were positive for the presence of coronavirus. Nonetheless, all samples taken from both inside and outside of the personnel masks (N-95 and FFP2 types of masks) were negative. Among the 6 positive samples, four cases were related to the internal part, one case to the outer part of the three-layer surgical masks, and one to the outer part of the N-95 masks in hospitalized patients. As masks reduce the concentration of virus particles, they can play an important role in creating immunity.
BACKGROUND: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that have symptoms ranging from simple symptoms of colds to severe respiratory syndromes. In December 2019, cases of unknown pneumonia first appeared in Wuhan, China. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupation and COVID-19 in the Ardabil Imam Khomeini hospital. METHODS: This research was conducted as a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The questionnaires used in this study included demographic information to obtain the required information such as age, sex, clinical symptoms, underlying disease, type of drug used, smoking, occupation, hours of work, number of daily clients, use of mask or shield, type of working hours, weight and height and body mass index, number family, place of residence, role in the family, presence of an infected person in the family, communication with the suspect, observance or non-observance of health protocols. Our sample size consisted of 774 subjects, all patients at the Ardabil Imam Khomeini Hospital. The subjects were selected randomly. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the mean age of patients was 56.70 years, with a standard deviation of 18.20 years. Three hundred and sixty participants (46.5%) were female, and 414 (53.5%) were male. In terms of occupation distribution, 317 patients (41%) were housewives. In addition, 57 people (7.4%) were farmers or ranchers. CONCLUSION: In general, it can be concluded that due to severity of infection and threat posed by Coronavirus and the risk of infections between different occupations like the taxi driver and medical staff, it is very important to find out what jobs are in the big threat.
Background: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that have symptoms ranging from the common cold to severe respiratory syndromes. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide appropriate strategies to raise knowledge and health behavior of students of the University of Medical Sciences to prevent COVID-19. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional and descriptive study, and the online questionnaire was used by random sampling. Our sample size was 360 subjects and the statistical population was the students of the University of Medical Sciences. We used the nonparametric test (Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U) and (Chi-Square & t-test) for statistical analysis. Results: The test results were statistically significant for students’ health behavior (p < 0.01, df –99). The knowledge of women was higher than men (F = 5.32, p < 0.02). Conclusion: The results show that the Ministry of Health has acted well in promoting students’ knowledge and health-promoting behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that such research be conducted in the public statistical population.
Background: Coronaviridae is a peculiar viral family with a vast ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome and characteristic appearance, endowed with an astonishing tendency to transfer from animals to humans. Various factors can affect preventing this emerging disease and controlling its severity. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of students of Ardabil University of Medical Science (ARUMS) bout hygiene and food safety and their association with COVID-19 disease. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study used an online questionnaire by random sampling, and the data were analyzed with SPSS software version 22. In this study, the statistical population was the students of ARUMS, and 100 (59 females and 41 males) students were selected from all the university students. A non-parametric test (Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney), chi-square and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a significant correlation between gender (male and female) and the level of understanding in three categories (weak, moderate, and good) (P = 0.048). However, there was no significant relationship with the variable of attitude. Determining the correlation between the variables of students’ knowledge and perspective with the Pearson correlation test revealed that the intersection between hygiene and food safety variables with the variables of awareness, attitude, and COVID-19 is significant. Conclusions: Having appropriate behaviors and knowledge about eating habits is essential for medical students who are constantly faced with high-risk environments regarding pathogens and need to strengthen their immune system and keep it at the desired level.
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