Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of in ovo feeding (IOF) of glutamine on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Fertilized eggs were subjected to injections with glutamine (Gln) (10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 mg dissolved in 0.5 mL of dionized water) on day 7 of incubation. Hatchability, growth performance, carcass characteristics (carcass weight and relative weights of breast, thigh, heart, liver, gizzard, abdominal fat, intestine, pancreas and spleen) and jejunal morphometry (measurement of villus height and width and crypt depth) were determined during the experiment. The weight of newly hatched chickens was significantly greater in groups with Gln injection than in control and sham groups. But IOF caused lower hatchability than in the control group (non-injected eggs) (p < 0.05). Chickens from IOF of Gln showed better weight gain and feed conversion ratio (0–42 days of age), when compared to chickens hatched from control and sham groups. The IOF of Gln significantly increased villus height, villus width and crypt depth at hatch period and villus height at 42 days of age. In addition, carcass weights and relative weights of breast, thigh and gizzard were also markedly increased in chickens treated in ovo with Gln; whereas heart, liver, abdominal fat, intestine, pancreas and spleen were not significantly altered at the end of the experimental period. These data suggest that the IOF of Gln may improve jejunum development, leading to an increased nutrient assimilation and consequently to greater performance in broiler chickens.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of an in-ovo injection of glucose on hatchability, weight and subsequent performances of newly-hatched chickens. The 720 fertile eggs used in this experiment were obtained from a Cobb-500 broiler breeder flock of 28 weeks of age. Treatments were the following: 1) control group (withou- injection), 2) group injected with 0.5 ml deionized water (sham group), 3) group injected with 0.5 ml glucose 15% in deionized water, 4) group injected with 0.5 ml glucose 20% in deionized water and 5) group injected with 0.5 ml glucose 25% in deionized water. There werh four replicates per treatment and 36 eggs per replicate. The experimental design was a completely randomized design. Upon hatch, hatchability and weight of newly-hatched chicks were measured, and 20 chicks per replicate were transferred to an experimental house and reared for 42 days. Live weight and feed intakeswere measured for each experimental unit at 21 and 42 days of age and then weight gai, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. The results of the study indicate that group that received glucose at 15%, 20% and 25% had significantly higher hatching weight as compared with the control and the sham groups,tbut,eggs injected in ovo had significantly lower hatchability than the controls (p < 0.01). Also, there were no significant treatment effects on feed intake between 0 and 21 days post-hatch. Chicks that received in-ovo injection of glucose haddbetter feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared with chicks hatched from the control and the sham groups. The obtained Data suggest that in-ovo injection may increase weight and improve the performancs of newly-hatched chickens

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of coating breading eggs with different materials on the quality of stored eggs and hatching results. 400 fertile eggs were divided in a completely randomized design into five treatments, four replicates and each replicates contain 20 eggs. Experimental groups were following: 1) control (without coating egg), 2) coating egg with 50% solution of honey, 3) coating egg with % 50 solution of aqueous extract of propolis, 4) coating egg with 3% solution of gelatin, 5) coating egg with 50% solution of sugar. After testing, eggs stored for two weeks and then were transferred to the hatchery. In the end of the storage, egg quality traits (egg weight, sell weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, Haugh unit and albumen pH) and at the end of the incubation period, characteristics hatchability (hatchability, weight and length of newly hatched chicks) were assessed. The results showed, coating the eggs with different materials were improved egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, Haugh unit and albumen pH (p<0.05), whereas hadn't any significant effect on shell weight. Also, coating of eggs with mentioned materials had significantly reduced hatchability percentage than to control group (without coating egg) (p<0.05). But the effect of experimental groups hadn't any significant effect on the weight and length of the newly-hatched chicks. The results of this study showed, coating stored eggs with honey, propolis, gelatin and sugar can improve the quality traits of the broiler breeder eggs.

The aim of present study was to investigate effect of in ovo administration of butyric acid on hatchability, performance, and small intestinal morphology of turkey poults. Fertilized eggs were subjected to injections with butyric acid (10 mg, 20 mg and 30mg dissolved in 0.5 mL of deionized water) on the d 7 of incubation. Hatching traits, Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined during experiment.Small intestinal morphology included villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and villus width (VW) were measured at hatch and the end of each rearing periods. Finally, the results of the present study indicate that the weight of newly-hatched poults was significantly greater when butyric acid were administrated, in comparison with control groups.But, in ovo feeding (IOF) caused lower hatchability than in control group (not-injection eggs) (P<0.01). Poults from IOF showed better weight gain and FCR (0-42 day of age), when compared to poults hatched from control (P<0.01). The IOFB significantly increased VH for duodenum, jejunum and ileum at both hatch and starter period. It was concluded that IOFB may affect VH of intestine at hatch and starter (posthatch) period in turkeys. Also, IOFB can improve performances.

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