The knowledge management orientations that firms adopt as a business input may lead at least partially to the superior performance of the new products they introduce to the market. Our empirical research investigates the knowledge management orientation effect on new product commercialization performance, using data collected from 700 Iranian manufacturing firms in six industries including plastic, steel manufacturing, construction, machinery, stone, mine, and Nano industries. However, our final sample due to missing data is 252 firms. Further, we study the mediating role of proactive and responsive market orientation. Our findings indicate that knowledge management orientation is positively associated with three aspects of new product commercialization, namely product advantage, new product development, and the number of new products introduced to the market. However, there was no significant mediating role in market orientation. Finally, our results show that market orientation and knowledge management orientation affect commercialization performance and therefore could improve new product commercialization.

This empirical study explores the impact of knowledge development factors, parent firm-specific and subsidiary characteristics on foreign affiliated performance. First, we examine the ownership and performance (based on return on asset, return on sales and profitability) of foreign affiliated in Japan. Second, we extend the subsidiary's factors with parent company's firm factors in order to analyze the performance and ownership advantages based on wholly owned subsidiary (WOS) and international joint venture (IJV). Third, we explore the relationship between firm factors and foreign ownership ratio.Our finding suggested that first, when a subsidiary operates in the manufacturing industry; MNCs prefer to have a majority of equity ownership.Second, the factors of industry, foreign employees and size of parent firm and subsidiary, demonstrate a statistically significant on performance. Finally, our findings indicate that foreign ownership ratio has a positive relationship with knowledge transfer factors, import and export ratio of foreign affiliates.

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Purpose Based on the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory, this study aims to examine the complementarity between market orientations and launch proficiency as a driver of new product performance. Design/methodology/approach In this research, an on-site survey of Iranian, research and development- intensive, manufacturing firms was carried out to examine the proposed hypotheses. Based on the 179 workable survey responses, a covariance-based structural equation modeling was applied to verify the proposed theoretical model. Findings The empirical findings reveal that the effects of market orientation or launch proficiency alone are not significant while the complementarity between them significantly influences new product performance. These research outcomes suggest that this complementarity leads to a bidirectional co-specialization relationship in firms, promoting both market intelligence generation processes and product-launch capabilities, and therefore resulting in superior new product performance. Originality/value The current characterization of the resource-based theory signifies that strategic resources merely have potential value and actualizing this value needs complementary organizational capabilities. Furthermore, the literature notably lacks empirical findings supporting these complementarities. Therefore, the findings concerning the bidirectional co-specialization between market orientation and launch proficiency not only provide empirical support for the dynamic capabilities theory but also address recent research calls to identify and calibrate the importance of dynamic capabilities for leveraging market orientation on new product performance.

We examine the impact of the macroeconomic determinants of foreign direct investment inflows. We also investigate the moderating role of sanctions in FDI inflows into Iran. The results reveal that macro determinants such as infrastructure, exchange rate, inflation rate, investment return, and governance have a long-run effect on FDI inflows in Iran. Our findings also show that GDP growth rate and trade openness have no significant effect on FDI. Our results indicate that sanctions do not have a significant moderating role in the relationship between macroeconomic factors and FDI. Surprisingly, international sanctions have a positive relationship with FDI inflows in Iran. Furthermore, sanctions have a positive impact on the inflation rate and exchange rate in Iran. Finally, our findings show that sanctions have had a significant impact on Iran’s economic growth in recent years due to increasing the severity level of sanctions.