Backyard poultry plays an important role in the livelihood of rural families in developing countries. Inspite of a source of cash income, it also satisfies their social needs. This paper is based on a study conducted in 8 villages from different zones of Rawalpindi, Pakistan to present an overview of different managerial practices in those areas. The questionnaires were filled after open discussions with respondents. The survey indicated the existence of few birds in the study area with an average flock size of 5-6 birds per household. Egg production was about 55 eggs per bird per year. Diseases, predators and lack of veterinary services were the most quoted reasons for mortality there. Only 18% families were vaccinating their birds. 40% rural women were keeping their birds in coops or under woven baskets. Daily protein consumption was low in birds as scavenging was the only feed source for most of them.
An epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of humpsore (stephanofilariasis) infection on cattle of different age and sex by collecting information from samples conveniently from different areas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Clinical history and direct examination is done to detect the infection. Out of 503 samples total 43.14% cattle were found stephanofilariasis positive. The prevalence of stephanofilariasis was higher (27.24%) in cattle between 5-10 years old cattle than of less than 5 years (10.93%) and more than 10 years (4.97%) old cattle. Females have shown more positive (36.98%) result than male (male entire= 3.18%, male castrated= 2.98%) that was 6.16% (Odds ratio= 1; P value= 0.987, χ 2 = 0.003). Local breed shown 36.98% positive to stephanofilariasis followed in descending order by 2.98% in Red Sindhi, 0.99% in Sahiwal, 0.80% in Jersey cross, 0.40% in Holstein cross, Haryana and Red Chittagong breeds and 0.20% in Pabna breed. From the study it is shown that highest (14.1%) prevalence found in the location of neck region of local breed (12.72%) in female cattle (12.52%) and in the age group of 5-10years (9.74%) than other category on the basis of location of lesions.
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