<p>Since the wireless systems are working under nature environments and influenced by turbulence, weather in Iraq that leads to extended amount of fading signal, dissipation or attenuation. Basic “hybrid Subcarrier Multiplying Spectral Amplitude Coding (SCM-SAC) of Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA)" indoor or outdoor optical system depends on generally “Multi-Diagonal (MD)" security code by using optical space known as “Free Space Optic (FSO)" that was proposed in this work. It is found that the mention hybrid wireless systems can be used in operating mesh networks. The main proposed idea of hybrid optical technique was analyzed and simulated by normally taking into simulation account that the directly effecting by rain and haze attenuations. In addition, there are mention and description for atmospheric effects, FSO mesh network, modulation scheme, simulation, and the data security. From simulation results, the hybrid system using MD code produces reduced “bit-error rate (BER)" at heavy storm rain to distance or range of 500 m and at drizzle rain up to 2500 m range. And also investigates the performance of using the proposed system with radio over fiber (RoF) for UWB signals through indoor propagation in building applications of wireless channel.</p>
There are several techniques used to ensure acceptable values for voltage, reduce energy loss in distribution systems and power factor improvement. In this research, techniques of capacitors placement and the automatic voltage regulator have been used to improve the distribution sys-tems performance and to ensure good serve to all consumers. Where, each technique has been ap-plied in individual case. The proposed tool is CYME 7.1 software which has been applied on a re-alistic distribution system for the Abu Ghraib region. This region is supplied with electric power through the AL Zaitoon secondary station, which is located within the Iraqi distribution network. All results for both cases were recorded in different tables and compared to each other to find the appropriate technique for realistic distribution system for its current status.
This paper presents the new design and implementation of single phase overcurrent protection relay based on an Arduino NANO.. The relay is an electromagnetic switch which operated depending upon the input signal that can turn it (ON/OFF) when the measuring current is greater than of the sitting current. The proposed relay provides greater operating flexibility, high sensitivity, reliability, high speed, simple controller. This relay is designed and tested on the electric system, depending on the use of the controller.The experimental results from the electrical system test emerged efficiency and speed of the response system to protect it from any fault.
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