During the past 20 years, an increase through measuring,
correlating,
and calculating solid solubilities especially pharmaceuticals in supercritical
fluids for processes such as purification, extraction, and size reduction
processes have been observed. In this direction, the solubility of
amoxicillin with the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
(IUPAC) name of (2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-acetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]
heptane-2-carboxylic acid in the pressure and temperature ranges of
16 MPa to 40 MPa and 308.15 K to 338.15 K, respectively, has been
measured. For this purpose, a simple gravimetric-based method was
utilized to obtain the amoxicillin solubility in supercritical carbon
dioxide. During the measurements it was found that the amoxicillin
solubility was in the range of 1.08·10–5 and
7.23·10–3 based on the mole fraction. Besides,
due to a vast number of efforts have been performed on the solubility
correlation by several researchers, four semiempirical density-based
correlations including Mendez-Santiago and Teja (MST), Bartle et al.,
Chrastil, and Kumar and Johnston (K-J) models were used to correlate
the measured solubility data. The obtained results revealed the capability
of the used correlation through the solubility correlation with an
acceptable level of accuracy.
A new series of benzo[5,6]chromeno[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives were successfully synthesized using various arylglyoxal monohydrates, quinoline-2,4-dione, and β-naphthol in H2O:EtOH (2:1) as a green solvent in the presence of catalytic amounts p-toluenesulfonic acid as a mild catalyst under reflux conditions with high yields (83–92%). The reaction conditions were optimized in different solvents at variable thermal conditions, and the optimized reaction condition for this synthesis has been reported. The structures of all new products were defined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, mass spectral data, and HRMS.
A one‐pot, three‐component reaction of 1,4‐phenylene‐bis‐glyoxal, 6‐aminouracils, and dimedone or barbituric acid derivatives in the presence of tetrapropylammonium bromide (5 mol%) in ethanol under reflux conditions gave a series of new bis‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives in high yields.
The oxidation of 1,4-diacetylbenzene using several oxidizing agents gave 1,4-phenylene-bis-glyoxal in 61–85% yields. A convenient and efficient synthesis of bis-quinoxaline and bis-pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine derivatives involves the double condensation of 1,2-diamines with 1,4-phenylene-bis-glyoxal in ethanol under reflux conditions. The structures of the new products were defined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and mass spectrometry (MS).
Nano indium oxide is an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the reaction between aryl cyanamides and sodium azide to synthesize the arylaminotetrazoles in good yields. This method has advantages of high yields, simple methodology, short reaction times and easy work-up. The catalyst can be recovered and reused in good yields.
Nano Indium Oxide as a Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Arylaminotetrazoles -[via reaction of aryl cyanamides and sodium azide]. -(BAHARI*, S.; SABEGH, M. A.; J. Chem. Sci. (Bangalore, India) 125 (2013) 1, 153-157, http://dx.
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