Living organisms can maintain or extend their territories by producing allelochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. To identify natural biostimulants of positive allelochemicals, we screened 18 common seaweed extracts for enhancement of rhizoid and blade production in a convenient Porphyra suborbiculata monospore assay. By addition of methanolic extract from the most potent green seaweed, Codium fragile, 100% and 50% enhancement doses reflecting the amount of C. fragile extract required to enhance rhizoid formation (in terms of number of spores with rhizoids per total spores tested) were approximately 100 and 50 μg/ml, respectively, in the P. suborbiculata monospore culture. The C. fragile extract quickly enhanced rhizoid formation, rhizoid numbers per rhizoid-holding spore, rhizoid length, blade formation (in number of spores with blade per total spores tested), and blade length from most monospores at early culture days. The extract enhanced rhizoid formation after 2 days of culture significantly, rhizoid numbers per rhizoid-holding spore after 3 days, rhizoid length after 3 days, blade formation after 2 days, and blade length after 1 day, respectively, from most monospores. The allelochemicals that enhanced favorite seaweed species may be efficacious for new seaweed management technologies, including the development of biostimulant agents based on natural products.
Background: Plants, including marine algae, produce allelochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. Questions: To identify natural algicidal or antifouling allelochemicals, we screened 18 common seaweed extracts for suppression of rhizoid and blade production in a convenient Porphyra suborbiculata monospore assay. Species study and data description: Addition of extract from the most potent phaeophyte, Hizikia fusiformis, suppressed rhizoid formation, rhizoid number, rhizoid length, blade formation, and blade length. Study site and dates: Seaweed thalli for methanol extraction were collected on the coast of Korea from October 2012 to July 2015. Methods: Extracts were tested using the P. suborbiculata monospore assay system. Results: The 50 % suppression doses were 15 µg ml -1 for rhizoid formation, 2.4 µg ml -1 for rhizoid number, 13 µg ml -1 for rhizoid length, 6 µg ml -1 for blade formation, and 11 µg ml -1 for blade length. The H. fusiformis extract also suppressed rhizoid and blade production in leafy green (Ulva pertusa) and brown (Undaria pinnatifida and Ecklonia cava) seaweed spores, as well as suppressing diatom settlement. Conclusions: The allelochemicals that suppressed or eliminated competing seaweed species may be efficacious for new seaweed control technologies, including the development of antifouling or algicidal agents based on natural products. Key words: Allelochemicals, Hizikia fusiformis, monospore, rhizoid, suppression. El extracto de la feofita Hizikia fusiformis suprime la formación de hojas y rizoides en algas marinas ResumenAntecedentes: Las plantas, incluyendo las algas marinas, producen aleloquímicos que influyen en el crecimiento, sobrevivencia y reproducción de otros organismos. Pregunta: Para identificar aleloquímicos algicidas o antiincrustantes naturales, se seleccionaron 18 extractos de algas marinas comunes para la supresión de la producción de rizoides y láminas foliares, con un ensayo de monoesporas de Porphyra suborbiculata. Especie en estudio y descripción de datos: Adición de extracto del faeofito más potente, Hizikia fusiformis, suprimiendo formación, número y longitud de rizóide, formación y longitud de la hoja. Sitio de estudio y fechas: Los talos de las algas para la extracción con metanol fueron colectados en la costa de Corea de octubre de 2012 a julio de 2015. Métodos: Los extractos fueron probados usando un sistema ensayo de monosporas de P. suborbiculata. Resultados: Las dosis de supresión del 50 % fueron de 15 µg ml-1 para la formación de rizoides, 2,4 µg ml -1 para el número rizóide, 13 µg ml -1 para la longitud rizóide, 6 µg ml -1 para la formación de la hoja y de 11 µg ml -1 para la longitud de la hoja. El extracto de H. fusiformis también suprimió la producción de rizóides y láminas foliares en esporas de algas verdes (Ulva pertusa) y marrón (Undaria pinnatifida y Ecklonia cava), así como suprimiendo el establecimiento de diatomeas. Conclusiones: Los aleloquímicos que suprimieron o eliminaron las especies de alg...
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