Non-CDC High Risk 4316 (88.5%) 16 (0.3%) 171 (3.5%) 17 (0.4%) 243 (5.6%) TOTAL 4877 21 (0.4%) 248 (5.0%) 22 (0.5%) 309 (6.3%) *CDC High Risk was determined by screening questions only, other CDC recommended screening including physical assessment fi ndings, hemodilution etc. were not included in this analysis. ** p< .000121/4877 (0.4%) potential donors tested HIV-1/2 antibody positive. The incidence in the CDC-HR group was 5/561 (0.9%) vs.16/4316 (0.3%) in the Non-CDC HR group (p= 0.15). The incidence of HCV+ tests in the CDC-HR group was 77/561 (13.7%) as compared to 171/4316 (3.5%) in the Non-CDC-HR group (p<.0001). The incidence of HBsAg + tests in the CDC-HR was 0.9% vs. 0.4% in the Non-CDC HR group (p=.18). The incidence of HB Ab+ tests in the CDC HR group was 66/561 (12%) vs. 243/4316 (5.6%) in the Non-CDC HR group (P<.0001). Summary and Conclusions: There was a trend for higher incidence of positive serology for all tests in the CDC HR group but this was signifi cant only for HCV and HB c Ab. The majority of positive cases for each of the tests were in the non High Risk group. These data need further confi rmation and should be considered when contemplating routine prospective NAT testing for potential organ donors. Considerations of logistics, cost and potential inadvertent loss of donors and organs associated with prospective NAT testing need to be weighed against the current low incidence of disease transmission.
In asthma treatment β-agonists such as isoproterenol are used for their ability to relax airway smooth muscle (ASM) through stimulation of cAMP production. In vitro experiments conducted on ASM tissues suggest that length oscillations applied to contracted muscle result in a reduction in the contractile ability of the tissue. Conducting experiments on tissues from two different species leads to a fact that length oscillation enhances ASM relaxation induced by β-agonists agent independent of the species.
Airway hyperresponsiveness and obstruction are the major characteristics of asthma. Current asthma treatments using antiinflammatory agents and airway smooth muscle (ASM) relaxants are expensive, variable in effectiveness and are associated with several cardiovascular side effects. ASM behaviour in vitro has been studied by various researchers to possibly provide an explanation of its mechanical properties. Previous in vitro experiments conducted on ASM tissues suggest that length perturbations applied to contracted muscle result in a reduction in the contractile ability of the tissue. This study focuses on investigating the combined effects of bronchodilators and length oscillations on the dynamics of contracted ASM. Isolated porcine tracheal smooth muscle tissues are contracted using Acetylcholine. Isoproterenol (Iso), a ȕ-agonist, is used as a bronchodilator to relax the contracted ASM. Our results suggest that the combined effect of Iso and breathing oscillations is noted to be greater than the added effects of Iso and breathing alone. We speculate that, when breathing is combined with Iso, breathing facilitates the detachment of actomyosin bridges, while Iso prevents further phosphorylation of myosin heads, inhibiting the binding of myosin to actin.
Current asthma treatments using anti-inflammatory agents and airway smooth muscle (ASM) relaxants are expensive, variable in effectiveness and are associated with several cardiovascular side effects. Previous in vitro experiments conducted on ASM tissues suggest that oscillations applied to contracted muscle result in a reduction in the contractile ability of the tissue. This study focuses on investigating the combined effects of muscle relaxants (bronchodilators) and length oscillations on the dynamics of contracted ASM. Isolated porcine tracheal smooth muscle tissues are contracted using Acetylcholine. Isoproterenol (Iso), a β-agonist, is used as a bronchodilator to relax the contracted ASM. Our results suggest that the combined effect of Iso and breathing oscillations is noted to be greater than the added effects of Iso and breathing alone. It can be proposed that breathing oscillations aid the relaxation of ASM by Isoproterenol.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.