♦ Objectives To reduce catheter-related complications, we developed a new technique of catheter implantation, combining a presternal catheter with the Moncrief technique. ♦ Methods The presternal catheter, consisting of 2 catheters joined by a titanium extender, was surgically implanted. Its end was left embedded in the presternal wall. A few weeks after implantation, the embedded subcutaneous catheter was exteriorized, exiting in the 4th intercostal space, and peritoneal dialysis (PD) was commenced. ♦ Results Using the new technique, 9 catheters were implanted (3 in women and 6 in men). Exteriorization was performed 30.6 ± 14.3 days after implantation of the catheter. Total observation period was 70 patient–months. Average hospitalization was 4.4 ± 1.3 days for catheter implantation, and 2.6 ± 2.6 days for exteriorization. Peritoneal dialysis commenced on the day of exteriorization with an exchange volume of 1.8 ± 0.3 L, using 4 exchanges daily. During the observation period, none of the patients experienced a catheter infection or dialysate leak. One non infectious complication was observed (a catheter wrapped in omentum). ♦ Conclusions Our approach of combining a presternal catheter and the Moncrief technique had some advantages not only in regard to catheter infection and dialysate leakage, but also in regard to quality of life and hospitalization for the patient.
A 'sou-sakuin' is a kind of concordance, which gives an alphabetical list of all words used in a book and shows all positions where each word can be found. It is useful as a tool for researching Japanese classics. A corpus with part-of-speech tags, which gives a collection of sentences and their part-of-speech data, is useful as a tool for natural language processing. However, there is no such corpus for Japanese classics. Thus, we try to transform 'sou-sakuins' into corpora with part-of-speech tags. Each ' sou-sakuin' we used consists of two parts: a text part and an index part. The index part consists of records, each of which has a headword (Kana-string, Kanji-string and part-of-speech data on each word) and an inverted list, which gives line numbers of text part where the word is found. In transformation program, we only use inflection tables for inflective words. We adopt a kind of longest-match method to resolve the problem of occurring of two or more words in a same text line, one of which is sub-string of another word. We also adopt a kind of look-ahead method for the headword's Kanji string which consists of only Kanji characters even if the corresponding text string of the word consists of Kanji and Kana characters. As a result, we got corpora on Japanese classics having about 150,000 words.
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