Following the tenets of cultural-ecological theories, this study examined the mediating role of ethnic socialization in the relationship between parenting practices and prosocial behavior and behavioral difficulties in 1,282 African, Indo- and mixed-ethnic Caribbean female caregivers in Trinidad and Tobago. Across ethnic groups, caregivers used a combination of high levels of positive parenting, rule setting, and material rewards, and moderate levels of harsh discipline and ethnic socialization. Indo and mixed-ethnic Caribbean caregivers engaged in more positive parenting and rule setting and offered more material rewards to children than African Caribbean caregivers, whereas African and mixed-ethnic Caribbean caregivers used more harsh discipline than Indo Caribbean caregivers. Ethnic socialization mediated the associations between parenting practices and prosocial behavior in children differently across the three ethnic groups. Harsh discipline had direct associations with antisocial behaviors in all ethnic groups. Data are discussed with respect to parental management style in difficult ecological niches and variations in the role of ethnic socialization in mediating the associations between parenting practices and childhood social development across ethnic groups.
This study examined the help-seeking decisions of low-income women (n = 389) in two types of physically violent heterosexual relationships-intimate terrorism (i.e., physical violence used within a general pattern of coercive control) and situationally violent (i.e., physical violence that is not part of a general pattern of coercive control). Intimate terrorism victims were significantly more likely than situational couple violence victims to cite fear as a reason for not seeking help from the police, medical centers, and counselors/agencies. In contrast, situational couple violence victims more often said that they did not need help. Regression analyses also indicate that additional violence-related factors predict women's help-seeking. Findings emphasize the importance of distinguishing between types of male partner violence and recognizing women's exertions of personal choice and perceptions of dangerousness when examining their decisions about seeking help from service providers.
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between supervisor status on employees' health and organizational commitment as well as to assess the mediating role of supervisor support and the availability and use of family-friendly policies among Information Technology (IT) professionals in India. Using snowball technique, 359 IT professionals were surveyed from four cities in South and Western India. Structural equation modeling was done and in the initial model, supervisor status was related to organizational commitment, but not employees' health. The non-significant path was removed and the mediating variables were then included in the model. The model fit improved and was determined to be a good fit to the data. Supervisor status directly impacted two of the mediating variables-supervisor support and employees' knowledge of family-friendly policies. The direct impact of supervisor status on employees' organizational commitment was partially mediated by supervisor support. Moreover, supervisor support also directly impacted employees' knowledge of family-friendly policies and employees' organizational commitment. Employees' knowledge of family-friendly policies directly impacted employees' use of family-friendly policies and indirectly mediated the impact of supervisor status on employees' use of family-friendly policies and the impact of supervisor support on policy use. Employees' use of family-friendly policies directly and positively impacted employees' health, and indirectly mediated the impact of employees' knowledge of family-friendly policies on employees' health.
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