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Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.

An Analysis of Education and Training Programs in Advanced ManufacturingUsing Robotics T he push to automate manufacturing processes is nothing new, from the advent of assembly lines in the early 20th century to today's autonomous robots that can work together with a single human supervisor. Autonomous robots are just one of many technologies in advanced manufacturing (AM), with AM representing "a family of activities that (a) depend on the use and coordination of information, automation, computation, software, sensing, and networking, and/or (b) make use of cutting edge materials and emerging capabilities enabled by the physical and biological sciences" (President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, 2011, p. ii). However, advanced industrial robots are a key and growing AM technology. In 2015, $12 billion worth of industrial robots were sold in the United States. This rate is projected to increase to $22 billion by 2025 (International Federation of Robotics, 2016). Although robotic automation likely offers manufacturers opportunities to enhance production and remain competitive, many stakeholders are concerned about how a surge in robotic capabilities will affect the human workforce in manufacturing. Will there be room for both humans and robots in new forms of manufacturing? And what skills will humans need to keep pace with anticipated rapid advancements in AM technology?

Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.

No abstract

Coming just two weeks after Hurricane Irma, the storm extensively damaged local infrastructure and interrupted the provision of essential services to the people of Puerto Rico. In the aftermath, the President signed a major disaster declaration for Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017 (DR-4339) under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Department of Homeland Security, 2016). 1 As attention turned from response to long-term recovery, Congress enacted a supplemental appropriation bill authorizing funding for rebuilding efforts. The act required the Governor of Puerto Rico, in coordination with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Department of Treasury, Department of Energy, and other federal agencies having responsibility under the National Disaster Recovery Framework (NDRF) to submit within 180 days of enactment of the legislation a report to Congress that describes Puerto Rico's 12-and 24-month economic and disaster recovery plan.The plan was developed in coordination with the Federal Oversight and Management Board (FOMB) established under the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act, the federal interagency, and key partners from private and nongovernmental entities, using an agile process to identify recovery solutions. Under contract with FEMA, the Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center (HSOAC) provided substantial support in developing the plan by soliciting and integrating inputs from a wide variety of stakeholders and contributing analysis where needed; the center supported drafting the plan as well. The plan included an overview of damage and needs, courses of action to meet those needs, costs of the courses of action, and potential funding mechanisms for those costs.The planning effort was organized into a range of sectors (as defined in the NDRF). The purpose of this report is to describe and document work done for the Education sector, including material that was not included in the formal recovery plan due to limitations in the length of that document. While the NDRF includes education in the Health and Social Services sector, in April FEMA determined that, given the scope and centrality of the sector's future development, education would be treated as a separate sector. This report summarizes key findings from a damage and needs assessment and courses of action (COAs) designed to address Education sector needs.The report may be of interest to individuals and organizations working on the implementation of the recovery plan or other aspects of the island's recovery. It may also be of interest to those working on recovery in other regions affected by the 2017 hurricanes or others like it and those interested in broader recovery issues.This research was sponsored by FEMA and conducted within the Strategy, Policy, and Operations Program of the HSOAC federally funded research and development center (FFRDC). More information about HSOAC's contribution to planning for recovery in Puerto Rico, along with links to other reports being...

disaster recovery plan, as required by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018. Under contract with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center (HSOAC) provided substantial support in developing the plan by soliciting and integrating inputs from a wide variety of stakeholders, contributing analysis where needed, and assisting drafting the plan. The plan included an overview of damage and needs, courses of action (COAs) to meet those needs, costs of the COAs, and potential funding mechanisms for those costs.To support federal agencies evaluating and funding recovery actions, HSOAC is releasing this detailed volume for the economic sector, which is one of 12 HSOAC research sectors that helped develop the recovery plan. HSOAC developed supporting information for each sector engaged as part of recovery planning. While the other sector reports describe conditions and actions that contribute to economic outcomes, the Economics Sector volumes are focused on the preexisting conditions and policies that contributed to the economic contraction before Hurricanes Irma and Maria and the potential actions that could be taken to promote economic growth in the poststorm period.The purpose of this document is to give decisionmakers more detail on the workforce challenges confronting Puerto Rico prior to the 2017 hurricane season, and directly afterward, and to offer suggested strategies to design and implement workforce development programs and an overarching system that will help meet short-term and long-term workforce needs and support the government of Puerto Rico in meeting its strategic objective to develop a 21st-century workforce. Data collection and analysis for this report occurred from January through June 2018. This report is a companion document to another Economics Sector report, Challenges and Opportunities for the Puerto Rico Economy: A Review of Evidence and Options Following Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 (forthcoming), which summarizes the sector's courses of action described in the recovery plan and provides more details on how the government of Puerto Rico can develop its economy in the wake of the 2017 hurricanes.More information about HSOAC's contribution to recovery planning in Puerto Rico, along with links to other reports being published as part of this series, can be found at www.rand.org/hsoac/puerto-rico-recovery. This document will likely be of interest to other stakeholders funding or implementing recovery activities in Puerto Rico, including local municipality agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector. Furthermore, this body of material contributes to the larger literature about disaster recovery and resilience and may be of interest to other communities planning for recovering from similar disasters. About the Homeland Security Operational Analysis CenterThe Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Section 305 of Public Law 107-296, as codified at 6 U.S.C. § 185), authorizes the Secretary of Homeland Security, acting through the Under S...