The field study included estimating the population density of two species of aphids belonging to Hemiptera: Aphididae, which infect the wheat crop in the Samawah desert in Muthanna Governorate and included the areas of Al-Salhoubi, Al-Sheikhiya, Al-Rehab, Al-Shawiya, Al-Radmiah and Al-Salman. The study showed the presence of two species, Rhopalosiphium padi L. and Schizaphis graminium. The results of the field survey of the species R. padi showed that the highest infection rate and number density reached 87.53 insects/leaf during March in the Al-Rehab area and 49.88 insects/leaves during the same month in the Al-Shawiya area, respectively, while the infection rate and the number density of the same species decreased to 19.80% during January in Al-Salman and 17.75 insects/leaves during the same month in Al-Shikiya, respectively. However, S. graminium, found at the highest rate of infection at 49.33% in the Al-Salman area during March, and it decreased to 21% during January, and the highest rate of population density of the same species was 39.22 insects/leaf in Al-Shawiya during March, and the lowest rate was 8.45 insects/leaf in the Salhoubiyeh area during January. It was noted that the highest rate of infection with R. padi during January and February reached 42 and 59.24%, respectively, in the Al-Rehab area, and the highest rate of population density was recorded during January and February in the Al-Salman area, which reached 25.37 and 39.12 insects/leaf, respectively.
This study conduct in Al-Muthanna governorate to assess five concentrations of Bacillus thurngensisagonist Hyperapostica. The results showed the presence of Bacillus thurngensisin all the studied sites of Lake Sawa in Muthanna Governorate, and the rates of its presence were close to the same sites, and the rate of its presence in those sites was 35%, and its highest rate was recorded in the north and east of the lake, as it reached 40% and the lowest amounted to 30% in the two sites south and west site. The results of the study showed that five concentrations were taken from bacterial isolates of B. thuringiensisdiffered in the rates of killing larvae, pupae and adults of the insect Hyperapostica in vitro, Where the concentrate 1.7 × 103 spore/ml was characterized by a higher killing ratecompared to the four studied concentrations, the killing rates were (75.750, 71.080, 69.79, 64,361, 49.117 and 42,060)% for the first larval instar, the second larval instar, the third larval instar, the fourth larval instar, and the pupae, respectively, and the lowest killing rate recorded 6.873% at concentration 0.64 × 107after 24 hours of treatment.
The research was conducted in the laboratory of insects in the Faculty of Agriculture/the University of Muthanna about studying the effect of Hot water extract of the pomegranate peels, eucalyptus leaves and basil leaves in different stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) for Alfalfa Weevil Hypera postica. The results showed that the pomegranate peel extract superiority the percentage of mortality in all the stages used in the experiment over the other plant extracts mentioned above, followed by eucalyptus leaf extract and then basil leaf extract, The results showed that the pomegranate peel extract was effective in controlling the larval stage of the insect, especially st and 2nd larvae instars in addition to the adult stage, the highest percentage of mortality in the larval stage of the insect at the first larval age was (60.0, 46.6 and 26.7%) For all extracts respectively at 1.5 mg/ml after 5 days of treatment. In the pupae stage the highest percentage of mortality was (16.7, 10.0 and 03.3%) at the concentration of 1.5 mg/ml For all extracts respectively. while the effectiveness was very weak in controlling of the eggs and pupa of insect and all extracts. where the highest percentage of mortality in the eggs was at 1.5 mg/ml. It was (20.0, 10.0 and 03.3%) respectively after 7 days of treatment. While The highest mortality rate in adult was (53.3, 40.0 and 16.7%) At 1.5mg/ml for all extracts respectively compared with control treatment (00.0%) for all the insect stages. The plant extracts used in the experiment at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml did not show any effect on the rates of insect death after a day of treatment and for all stages that reaching (00.0%).
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