There are conflicting reports of association between iron deficiency and hair loss in the literature. So we conducted this study to evaluate the role of iron deficiency in chronic diffuse hair loss in women of reproductive age group. Serum ferritin, a marker of iron deficiency, was recorded in 150 consecutive patients of chronic diffuse hair loss (FPHL n=69, CTE n=81) and in healthy controls (n=100). The mean serum ferritin (SF) recorded was 9.87, 10.80, 10.30 and 11.20 ng/mL for FPHL, CTE, total patients (FPHL and CTE) and control group respectively, and it did not show any significant difference between these groups. Number of patients who recorded a serum ferritin label of less than 10 ng/mL (normal range 10-126ng/mL) were 48 (69.51%), 51 (62%), 99 (66%) and 63 (63%) for FPHL, CTE, total patients and controls respectively, and this also did not reveal any significant difference between the groups. We did not find any association between low serum ferritin (iron deficiency) and chronic diffuse hair loss in women of reproductive age group.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world. According to global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease, COPD is defined as FEV1/ FVC<70% by spirometry. COPD affects pulmonary blood vessels, right ventricle as well as left ventricle, leading to development of pulmonary hypertension, cor-pulmonale, right ventricular dysfunction as well as left ventricular dysfunction. The significance of the right ventricular performance is recognized as one of the factors determining the clinical course and prognosis in COPD, but a potential role of the left ventricle is, however, less studied. The aim of this study was primarily to evaluate left ventricular function in COPD patients by echocardiography and to study the correlation between echocardiography findings and the severity of COPD based on GOLD 1 criteria. A total of 100 patients were selected for this study, including 72 male patients and 28 female patients, aged 50-70 years, from outpatient department of medicine department, medical wards, TB and chest ward of Dr Baba Sahib Ambedkar Hospital, Delhi, considering the exclusion and inclusion criteria. In mild COPD group, only one patient was found to have systolic dysfunction out of 52 patients (1.92%), in moderate COPD group, 2 patients had systolic dysfunction out of 32 patients (6.25%), whereas in severe COPD, six patients had systolic dysfunction out of 16 patients (37.5%). So, in total, 9% patients had systolic dysfunction. 28% of patients were found to have left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in our study. COPD patients have a high prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, which is associated with disease severity.A clear correlation was found between value of fractional shortening (FS) of left ventricle (a measure of contractility), and severity of COPD and FS value significantly decreased as the severity of COPD increased.In this study, ejection fraction (EF) was found to be preserved in mild and moderate COPD, albeit mean EF was found to be reduced in moderate COPD. In severe COPD group, EF was significantly lowered.
Reversal reactions (RRs) are the leading cause of deformities and disabilities in leprosy. A comprehensive data on the magnitude of RR is crucial in implementing and evaluating the leprosy control strategy. Therefore, we had undertaken this study to find out the rate of reversal reaction (RR) and the key features associated with it, so that a comprehensive strategy could be adopted for their early detection and management.In this prospective study, all untreated newly diagnosed cases of leprosy that attended a tertiary level urban hospital from April 2012-March 2017, were examined for RR at the time of diagnoses as well as during the course of their treatment.RR was recorded in 13.61% (84/617) of patients, of these 73.80% (62/84) presented in RR at the time of the first visit (at the time of diagnoses) to the hospital, while the remaining 26.20% (22/84) developed it during the course of multidrug therapy (MDT). Majority of RR were seen in multi-bacillary (MB) cases (78/84, 92.85%), in comparison to pauci-bacillary (PB), where it was seen only in 7.15% (6/84). Another important finding was the declining trend of RR, from 21.15% (22/104) in 2012-13 to 2.34% (3/128) in 2016-17. MB cases and MDT were found to be the two key features associated with reversal reactions.Although a significant declining trend of RR was recorded in the study, yet they are still prevalent, particularly in the MB cases, and most of them were detected at the time of the patient's first visit. Therefore, a strategy to further augment the public awareness program regarding the features of RR, as well as explaining these features to patients before starting treatment should be emphasized.
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV infections represent global health problems of significant magnitude. There are studies and hypothesis which suggest that genetic predispositions like ABO and Rh blood group may affect occurrence of these diseases. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of ABO blood groups, seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and malaria infections in healthy blood donors in our center, and to determine any association between different blood groups and seroreactivity. Blood donors are ideal for this purpose, as all donors are routinely subjected to ABO blood group phenotyping and screening for all these infective markers.This was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted at Regional Blood Transfusion Center at Dr. BSA Hospital for the years 2016 and 2017. All the donor samples were mandatorily tested for HBsAg, HIV 1&2 Ag-Ab and 2 Ag-A band HCV Ag-Ab using fourth-generation kits. TPHA method was used to test for syphilis. Malaria was tested using rapid-pan malaria card. Blood group was determined by forward and reverse grouping of donor sample using gel card method. Results of total 21,876 donors registered in the year 2016 and 2017 were analyzed. Total 320 (1.462%) samples were found to be reactive for HBsAg, 62 (0.283%) samples were found reactive for HCV and 47 (0.215%) samples were found reactive for HIV. 0.027% samples tested reactive for syphilis. Group-wise seroreactivity was also analyzed and it was found that the highest percentage of HBsAg and HCV reactivity was found in O positive donors and highest percentage of HIV reactivity was found in A-positive donors. Lowest seroreactivity amongst Rh-positive donors was found in AB-positive donors. Amongst Rh-negative donors, highest seroreactivity for HBsAg and HCV was found in B-negative donors. O-negative, AB-negative and A-negative showed no seroreactivity for either HCV, HIV or syphilis infection. All donors tested negative for malaria.
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, common metabolic disorder characterised by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Atherosclerosis involving the coronary, cerebral and peripheral (lower extremity) arteries is the predominant cause of diabetes related mortality, responsible for up to 70% of all deaths in patients with this disease.Coronary angiography (CAG) has been considered as the gold standard for the assessment of the degree of Coronary atherosclerosis but measurement of carotid intima thickness by ultrasonography is a non invasive and quantitative method of evaluating early atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess carotid artery intima media thickness and to assess any correlation between carotid artery intimal thickness and coronary artery disease in Type II DM.This study was carried out in the department of medicine, Dr. Baba saheb Ambedkar hospital, Delhi to assess carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) as a risk factor for CAD in type II diabetes using Ultrasound B scan to assess CIMT.In this study, 30 patients of DM type II with CAD, 30 patients of DM type II without CAD & 30 patients were age and sex matched controls who did not have any disease.Mean CIMT was found to be significantly increased in DM type 2 with CAD group as compared to DM type 2 without CAD and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Also the mean CIMT was significantly increased in DM type 2 with and without CAD as compared to controls and the difference was statistically significant. Also, patients with more than 3 cardiovascular risk factors had significantly greater CIMT than patients who had less than 3 cardiovascular risk factors and the difference was statistically significant.
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