Vanadium substituted polyoxometalate ionic liquids (POM‐ILs) with increase in alkyl chain lengths, C4MImPV3W9O40, C8MImPV3W9O40, and C16MImPV3W9O40 were prepared by simple ion exchange method. These materials were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. The dye removal ability towards methylene blue and methyl orange was studied under neutral pH. The dye removal rate of C4MImPV3W9O40 and C8MImPV3W9O40 towards methylene blue was 95%. The dye removal rate of C16MImPV3W9O40 towards methyl orange was 92%.

Vanadium substituted Keggin type polyoxometalate loaded N-doped carbon was prepared from polyoxometalate ionic liquid hybrid by carbonization process. The decomposition of organic part generates various functional groups leaving polyoxometalate part intact. The catalyst was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, MAS 13 C NMR, XPS and electron microscopy studies. The presence of carboxylic acids, aromatic and hetero-aromatic groups in the catalyst was confirmed by [a]

Silicotungstic acid (H 4 SiW 12 O 40 ) has been immobilized onto the mesopores of amine-functionalized zirconia by exploitation of electrostatic interactions. The ionic grafting of silicotungstic acid was confirmed by XPS, FTIR, UV/Vis-DRS and TGA analysis. The mesoporosity of the material was confirmed through N 2 adsorption/desorption analysis. The morphology of

In this work, Keggin type phosphomolybdate inorganic‐organic hybrid material coordinated to with iron was synthesized by hydrothermal process followed by precipitation with organic cation. The prepared hybrid was fully characterized using conventional spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption efficiencies of the hybrid were evaluated for the removal of both anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. From the studies, it was concluded that hybrid has high adsorption as well as high selectivity for anionic dyes than cationic dyes. The results from the adsorption experiments revealed that the hybrid have specific methyl orange dye removal efficiency ≥96 % for 20 mgL−1 concentration. The reaction kinetics and adsorption isotherm also discussed.

We examined LEDs as a cheap and test lamp source to simulate monochromatic laser radiation to help us cost out optics while evaluating materials for renewable fuels. The light source spectrum was recorded using a fiber optic spectrophotometer and a calibrated silicon photodiode was used to determine the intensity. Photon flux from the LEDs was recorded using actinometry. We chose CdS and Fe3O4 as photocatalysts. The as-prepared and annealed samples were characterised using X-Ray Diffraction, UV-Visible spectroscopy, UV-Visible Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reluctance -FTIR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). CdS and Fe3O4 were evaluated for hydrogen evolution using DI water, sacrificial agents and an electron donor (methyl viologen) using three light sources (LEDs, sunlight and mercury vapour lamp). Products were collected by an inverted burette (Generation1), balloons with a B-14 adapter (Generation2) and septum cells (Generation3). Developing an analytical technique to quantify products continues to remain a challenge.