No abstract

In the South East Anatolia region of Turkey as well as in many parts of world, soil planker is used to level and firm the soil prior to planting of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at least four times. However, excessive soil compaction due to using of planker can increase soil strength and hamper root growth. This study aimed to investigate the effects of soil planking on soil physical properties, the root growth of cotton and the density of weed species. In this purpose, a field experiment was carried out at different pass numbers of a planker by using a randomized block design with three replications in 2018. The results showed that penetration resistance was increased by the pass number of the planker at 0-15 cm soil depths. While soil planking increased the soil moisture content at 15 cm soil depth, it reduced the soil temperature. Multiple passes of planker decreased the root length and dry root weight of cotton. Soil planking levels differently influenced the density of weed species. Consequently, it can be said that the planking of soil before cotton seeding may influence the root growth and the density of weed species due to changing the physical properties of soil.

Lavender flowers are from the family Ballibagiller (Labiatae) and grow in North westand South west Anatolia Between June and August, blue or purple flowers open, 20-60 cm in length, aromatic smelling, perennial, herbaceous or playful plants. More widespread in western regions where marine climate is present.There are two species that grow in Turkey. These are Lavandula x intermediave and Lavandula angustifolia Lavender is an important perfume, cosmetics and medicine plant cultured in the world due to its high content and high quality oil content The purpose of our research is to cultivate this plant and to revealits medicinal and aromatic properties. In the study, preseedling stems were prepared from 'Raya', 'Silver' and 'Vera' lavander varieties of Lavandula angustifolia species as field materia land 'Giant, Hid, cote', 'Dutch' and 'Supera' lavandin varieties of Lavandula x intermedia species and selected the 'Super A' lavandin variety of Lavandula x intermedia that could be adapted in Diyarbakir conditions. Production and reproduction of lavender plant as in other aromatic plants arecarried out in two main ways, generative and vegetative. However, because of the in fertility of the 'Super A' lavandin variety of Lavandula x intermedia crewand the lack of seeds, vegetative propagation ands hoot steels were used. The seedlings of the "Super a" lavandin of the Lavandula x intermedia line were placed 1 m abovetherowand 3 m apart from the row, in the experimental area of the Dicle University MedicalandAromatic Plants Application and Research Center 7 days a week 6-7 April 2017. A total of 2100 seedlings were planted in the trial area and later juveniles were given. The maintenance and irrigation works of the seedling lites were carried out regularly at the trial and drip irrigation system was used in the study. At the beginning of June some of the seedling lites were found dead. The survival of the remaining seedling lites continued and the adaptation rate was 63% Flowering The flowers were harvested 3 times betweenJ une and October, which began in June. In December, the shoot steels were rooted in the serpentine and replicated in the plants we obtained for seedling formation At the and of this study; 21-33 cm long plants were obtained, These results formed the opinion in light of lavender farm will be made in Diyarbakir in Turkey. This year we will also work on the determination of the medical and aromatic contents of plant materials obtained from our work.

In cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) agriculture, very loose soil results in reduced seed emergence and stand establishment because the contact between soil and seed is deficient. Therefore, the use of a planker before planting may help firm seedbeds and improve stand establishment. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of different pass numbers of the planker on soil bulk density, moisture content and cotton seed emergence. Also, weed species and plant growth parameters were determined in the study. The five treatments including different soil planking levels (P0, untreated control; P1, one pass of planker; P2, two passes of planker; P3, three passes of planker; P4, four passes of planker) was compared by using completely randomized block design with three replications. The results of the study indicated that while the soil bulk density and moisture content was increased with increasing the pass number of planker, multi-pass of planker significantly reduced seed emergence rate and SPAD value. The highest seed cotton yield per plant was found at P1 (one pass of planker) treatment. Also, soil planking levels affected the weed species and the density of this species. Control plots (P0) had higher weeds species than other treatments. In conclusion, the findings of this research suggest that multi-pass of planker may reduce seed emergence and cotton yield although it increases the moisture content at 0-10 cm soil depth which has positive effect on seed emergence, under the soil and climate conditions like the experimental field.Öz: Pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) tarımında, toprağın fazla gevşek olması, tohumun toprakla temasını azalttığı için bitkinin çimlenmesi ve çıkışında düşüşlere neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bitki çıkış oranını ve gelişimini artırmak için ekim öncesi tarlaya en az 2-3 kez tapan çekilerek, toprak bastırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tapanın farklı geçiş sayılarının, toprağın hacim ağırlığı, nem içeriği ve tohum çıkış oranına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışmada yabancı ot türleri ve bitki gelişim parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Beş farklı tapan geçiş sayısının (P0, kontrol; P1, tapanın bir defa geçişi; P2, tapanın iki defa geçişi; P3, tapanın üç defa geçişi; P4, tapanın dört defa geçişi) denendiği çalışma, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre, üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları, tapan geçiş sayısındaki artışın, toprak hacim ağırlığı ve nem içeriğinde artış meydana getirdiğini, fakat bitki çıkış oranını ve SPAD değerini önemli ölçüde azalttığını göstermiştir. En yüksek bitkideki kütlü pamuk verimi, P1 uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, tapan geçiş sayısının, deneme alanındaki yabancı ot tür sayısını da önemli düzeyde etkilediği görülmüştür. Kontrol parsellerindeki yabancı ot tür sayısının daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu denemenin sonuçları, ekim derinliğindeki toprağın nem içeriğini olumlu yönde etkilemesine rağmen, aynı iklim ve toprak koşullarında tapanın birden fazla geçiş sayısının bitki çıkış ve veriminde düşüşlere neden ...

Cotton is a hot climatic industrial plant commonly planted in both tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Four different genotypes of cotton, Aşkabat-100 (G. barbadense L.), Coker-312 and Stoneville-468 (G. hirsutum L.), were studied for callus induction. The cotton anthers extracted from immature floral buds (square) were used as explants. Cotton anthers taken from different length immature cotton square were used as explants. After samples taken from cotton, square of different lengths (2, 3, 4, 5 mm) were subjected to sterilization with different NaoCl concentrations (10, 20 and 30%) prepared in sterilized glass containers for surface sterilization, the immature anthers were extracted and placed in MS feeding media with various amounts of different hormones to induce callus formation. After the seeding done, lids of the petri dishes closed, to prevent the air inflow and outflow were covered with parafilms, then the petri dishes were left for dark in the climate room for about 30-60 days. The experiments were performed with three repetitions. Seeding was done every three days and callus size and regeneration rates that resulted from 5-week dark environment incubation were determined. Once the anthers were transferred to the induction media, one-hour cold (4°C) shock and one-hour hot shock (40°C) were applied to them, they were kept in dark for a while and were left for collagenase in climate room at 16/24 light regime. As the result of the experiments, the highest rate of callus formation was observed in Cooker 312 supplemented with 2mg mL-1 of NAA and 2 mg L-1 of BA hormones. Callus formation was also higher in the treatment where NAA was used than the media supplemented with 2,4-D. Additionally, callus formation showed better results in cold and hot shock applied anthers compared to the ones that were not shocked.