A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2008 to February 2009 to investigate the prevalence and intensity of infection and risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in small ruminants kept under the traditional husbandry system in two districts in southern Ethiopia. Faecal samples collected from a total of 510 small ruminants (284 sheep and 226 goats) and analysed by a modified McMaster technique revealed that 222 animals (43.5%) were found to be infected with one or more GI nematodes. Five identical genera of nematodes were found in both sheep and goats, which in order of predominance were Haemonchus (56.3%), Trichostrongylus (39.6%), Oesophagostomum (22.9%), Trichuris (21.6%) and Bunostomum (10.4%). No significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed between sheep and goats proportions except for Trichuris (p < 0.05). In both sheep and goats, most of the animals were heavily infected showing faecal egg counts (FECs) above 1,200 epg. Sheep had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean FEC than goats. In sheep and goats, both the prevalence of GI nematodes and mean FEC were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with body condition score and faecal consistency but not with district, sex and age (p > 0.05 for each factor). In conclusion, the observation of a strong association of GI nematodes with poor body condition coupled with heavy intensity of infection in the majority of infected animals and an abundance of nematode genera of widespread economic and pathological significance warrants the institution of appropriate control measures that should necessarily include improvement of the nutritional status of the animals.
A gross pathological examination of pulmonary lesions on 399 cattle slaughtered at Gondar ELFORA abattoir was conducted on in the period November, 2011 to March, 2012 with the objectives of estimating the frequency of various pulmonary lesions and the associated risk factors and gross lesions were screened and the most encountered lesions were emphysema, pale and dark red to dark gray color of the lung, hepatization, pleurisy, congested lung and abscess at different parts of the lung. The frequency of gross lesions identified were pneumonia (5.5%), hydatidosis (5.0%), emphysema (4.0%), calcified lung (1.5%), abscess (1.5%), congested lung (2.5%), pleurisy (1.3%) and hemorrhagic lung (1.5%) with an overall prevalence of 91(22.8%). The prevalence of gross lesions in adult and old animals was 17.8 and 26.3% respectively. A prevalence of 25.2, 22.4 and 20.4% were seen in poor, moderate and good body conditioned animals respectively. The prevalence of gross lesions in local breed was 23.4 and 20.0% in cross breeds. Therefore, in the current study, a significant number of gross pathological lesions were identified in cattle slaughtered in the abattoir and many organs were condemned as a result of the organ damage and a risk for public health.
Across sectional study was conducted from July 2012 to September 2013 in Minjar Shenkora woreda to determine the prevalence of lung worm infection. Feacal sample were collected from a total of 384 sheep and processed with modified baerman technique. From the total of 384 sheep examined an overall prevalence of 15.9% was recorded. The prevalence of D. filaria, M. capillaris and P. rufescens were 33(8.6), 6(4.2) and 12(3%) respectively. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among lungworm species. Dictyocaulus filaria was the most prevalent in sheep followed by M.capillaries and proto strangles are less infected .This study demonstrated that lung worm infection is prevalence in the study area in sheep. Susceptible for the infection species the body condition categories indicated that the existence of significant different and being species of lung worm animal were the most important factors observed to be associated with the occurrence of lung worm infections. Therefore all these necessitate on appropriate control and prevention intervention should be carried out in order to reduce the losses associated with the parasite.
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