AIH systematically increased lower extremity torque in individuals with chronic incomplete SCI, but there was no significant effect of ibuprofen pretreatment. Our study re-confirms the ability of AIH to enhance leg strength in persons with chronic incomplete SCI.

Dancers are highly susceptible to musculoskeletal injuries and frequently require interaction with medical professionals. While many dancers have a finely tuned awareness of their bodies, their knowledge of the fundamentals of human anatomy is not uniform. There is a paucity of literature on the benefits of human anatomy education in dancers, though it seems intuitive that there should be a relationship. The purpose of this study was to assess dancers' perceived and actual knowledge of basic musculoskeletal anatomy and its relationship to function. Adult dancers at the undergraduate, pre-professional, and professional levels were surveyed through an anonymous online questionnaire. Questions included demographic information, dance techniques studied, anatomy training, and injury history. Subjects rated their perceived knowledge of anatomy and were tested with 15 multiple-choice questions on basic musculoskeletal anatomy. Four hundred seventy-five surveys were completed. Ordinal regression showed a correlation of perceived to actual knowledge of anatomy (p < 0.001). Factors that correlated with increases in both perceived and actual knowledge of anatomy included having taken an anatomy course of any type (p < 0.001) and increased age (p ≤ 0.001). Years of dance training and professional dancer status both significantly correlated with increased knowledge of anatomy (p < 0.001) but not perceived knowledge. Chi-square analysis showed that dancers with training in either modern or jazz dance had a significantly higher perceived, but not actual, knowledge when compared to those without training in those styles of dance (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). In conclusion, dancers generally scored well on questions pertaining to basic musculoskeletal anatomy, and their perception correlated with their actual knowledge of anatomy. Factors that contribute to dancers' knowledge of anatomy include age, years of experience, professional dancer status, and anatomy training.

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Medicine recommendations for duration and intensity of exercise are based on the amount of energy expenditure required to maintain cardiovascular health in able body individuals; 1000 Kilocalories (Kcals) per week of energy expenditure has been demonstrated to achieve this effect. Manual wheelchair propulsion (MWP) represents a practical and accessible form of exercise for individuals with paraplegia. Objective: To describe a method to determine the duration of MWP required to expend 1000 Kcals, when performed by individuals with paraplegia due to motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Rehabilitation Research Laboratory. Participants: Sixteen adults with motor complete T3-T12 paraplegia (body mass index < 35, duration of paraplegia > 3 months). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Indirect calorimetry during MWP was measured in order to calculate caloric expenditure per minute. These data were used to calculate the number of minutes of MWP required to expend 1000 Kcal in one week. Results: During MWP, participants expended 3.3 ± 1.0 Kcal/minute. Based on this figure, 1000 Kcal of energy expenditure in one week would require 303 minutes of MWP per week, or 43.3 minutes per day, 7 days per week. Conclusions: Our data suggest that it is feasible to create a practical and accessible exercise recommendation based on manual wheelchair propulsion for individuals with paraplegia due to motor-complete SCI. Larger studies are needed in order to develop accurate exercise recommendations for persons with SCI.