Skin-lightening is an aesthetic practice of global concern. By adopting a biopsycho-social approach, we consider the interplay between the biological, psychological and social factors that underpin the circulation and consumption of skin lighteners in South Africa. This paper reflects on biological aspects of skin lightening, interpersonal relationships, individual beliefs and expectations about the maintenance of health and well being that informs cosmetic practices. The paper seeks to examine claims made by historians (Thomas) and political philosophers and activists (Biko) that colonialism and apartheid in South Africa historically reinforced the use of skin lightening products in the country. The paper also investigates the role of media in staking out the boundaries of beauty. We argue that men and women practice skin-lightening not only as a complex result of the internalization of global standards of beauty, but meshed with a national politics of race and colorism. Banning skin lightening products without understanding the biological effects but also the social forces that underlie their increased popularity will prove futile. Moreover, we must consider the immeasurable pleasures associated with lightening, and the feelings with achieving visibility in South Africa, a country that continues to wrestle with blackness.
Skin bleaching, also known as skin lightening has long been a practice among black and dark skinned populations around the world. Despite the variety of well‐known iatrogenic effects, the use of skin bleaching products (“Xessel” as they are referred to by the Senegalese) among women around the world continues to increase. Skin bleaching involves the use of various cosmetic products such as cream, soap, and lotions. Other products include the use of gel, toothpaste, bleach, washing powder, and battery acid. It is believed that the most common reasons for using skin‐lightening products is the notion of colorism, meaning the preference for lighter skin and a social hierarchy based on skin tone. Other reasons for continued use of skin‐lightening cosmetics include combating uneven skin tone, reducing the signs of aging, and treating other dermatological problems including “acne, melasma, and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation.” This entry looks at the practices of and motivations behind the use of skin‐lightening products in different areas of the world, with a focus on South Africa.
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