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‘Rohingya’- world’s most persecuted minority group came to the attention of the international media again in the mid of 2017 due to the brutality they were experiencing in their homeland by the state authority of Myanmar. Now they are being labeled as the ‘perpetual other’ of Myanmar and as the ‘Bengali intruders’ by the society regardless of being the inhabitants in the Rakhine state for centuries (The Diplomat 2017).  As a result of this Bangladesh experienced the largest surge of displaced people into its border after its independence. They are ‘culturally discriminated, economically exploited and politically sidelined’ and are being discerned by the Arakan people as a threat to their national identity and an additional competitor for the natural resources (Wolf 2015). It is widely believed that the reason of the violent crackdown of the military against the ‘Rohingya’ community in the Arakan state is either religiously or ethnically motivated. But this is only a splinter part of the entire truth. These violent atrocities against the Rohingya community is more politically and economically motivated than religiously and ethnically. This paper will focus on the causes of the present crisis which started to unveil since 2017 and how these are linked with the interest of the different stakeholders like: the Military junta of Myanmar, Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), ASEAN, Bangladesh, Indian government, China, the UN, etc. To understand the causes and the effects of the conflict this paper will use the tool of ‘conflict tree’ and the ‘conflict onion’ will be used as a tool to understand the positions, needs and interests of different actors.

Internet of Things (IoT) is the ultimate enabler of modern civilization. Cooperative communication in multichannel directional wireless networks is one of the cutting-edge IoT research themes. Typically, cooperation in wireless networks is the opportunistic relaying of data packets for neighboring nodes by idle nodes. Current IoT-based researches related to multichannel with directional antenna introduce the control channel cooperation. But, the iterative phenomenon of negotiation in control channel results in higher communication delay. Hence, to reduce the data transmission delay, cooperation in data relaying need to be used along with control channel cooperation. In this paper, we propose a Cooperation-based Adaptive and Reliable MAC (CAR MAC) Design for Multichannel Directional Wireless IoT Networks that combines both of these cooperation and multichannel directional concepts of cooperation. Multichannel directional hidden terminal problems and deafness problems in medium access are solved using both concepts of cooperation jointly. Besides, multidirectional data packet relaying in the same data channel enables parallel transmission that increases the bandwidth utilization. Moreover, the proposed protocol uses a smart GPS (Global Positioning System) based neighbor discovery. Therefore, the directional position and distance among the IoT-enabled wireless nodes are smartly determined to make the control channel cooperation more informative. The results of extensive simulations reveal that CAR MAC achieves significant improvement in network performances.

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