This paper describes the design and implementation of a robotic vehicle that uses a new control system based on Bluetooth communication with an Android Phone as the controller. For this project, an Arduino Microcontroller, a Bluetooth module, DC motors, motor drivers, a distance sensor, cameras, temperature and gas sensors are used. It is named a rescue robot because it can be used as a helping hand to the human rescue team by providing general information about the situation of the affected area or in mines. This robotic vehicle can also be used in other fields. The designed system is flexible enough so it can easily be upgraded or modified to be used in a variety of situations according to the need.
Producing hydrochar from landfill municipal solid wastes (MSW) is a sustainable alternative to existing waste management practices in low-and middle-income countries. In this study, mixed MSW feedstock (sent for landfilling) was subjected to hydrothermal carbonization to produce hydrochars. The hydrochar showing the highest heating value was subjected to pyrolysis at 5, 10, and 20 K min −1 heating rates. Based on the pyrolysis characteristics, a three pseudo-component-based distributed activation energy model was employed to describe the pyrolysis kinetics. The activation energy distributions for the three pseudo-components were 140 ± 8.7 kJ mol −1 , 190 ± 1 kJ mol −1 and 175.9 ± 24.9 kJ mol −1 , which were able to predict the pyrolysis profile at all heating rates with R 2 > 0.999. Differential thermogravimetric profiles of the hydrochar revealed its pyrolytic reactivity to resemble lignocellulosic constituents. Fouriertransform infrared analysis of the hydrochar showed retention of oxygen-containing functional groups (associated with lignocellulosic constituents) from the parent feedstock.
Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is more common nowadays and it can lead to cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis [1]. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is frequent [2] and one of the challenging work in tissue engineering [3]. Anterior cruciate ligament is important for maintenance of knee movement [4]. ACL do not heal itself because of its intrinsically poor healing potential and surgical mediation is usually required [5,6]. Allograft and autograft were used for ACL reconstruction [7,8]. Due to several drawbacks of allograft and autograft synthetic grafts are the main option for ACL reconstruction [9]. Ligaments are made of bands of strong collagenous connective tissue. These paralleled collagen bundles attached to each other by crosslinking [10]. Mesenchymal cells produce this type of tissue; it can diferentiate into ibroblast cells. These ibroblast cells again diferentiate into ibrocytes cells. After maturation of ibrocytes they become inactive and produce ligaments. Ligaments attach two bones together at a joint, prevent dislocations of the joints, and restrain the movements of the joints. Ligaments contain two-thirds water and one-third solid. Collagen is the solid component of the ligament basically collagen types I and rests of the types are III, VI, XI and XIV. To maintain a considerable range of mechanical and biological properties of soft tissues, related organ systems, and bone collagen plays a vital role [11]. Structure of ACL ACL is not isometric [12]. ACL is made of collagen bundles which are paralleled and cross linked to each other. These bundles vary the tension among the ibers of the ligament [13]. Fibroblasts are joined to the bundles individually. It can produce new
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