Background Caesarean delivery has a significant role in reducing maternal and child death. However, unnecessary utilization has adverse health effects. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of caesarean delivery in Bangladesh. Methods Data from the latest Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS, 2019) was used in this study. Since MICS data are hierarchical in nature, multilevel modelling was used. Results The prevalence of caesarean section (CS) was 67.4% among Bangladeshi women. Multilevel analysis suggests the age of the women, household wealth status, utilization of antenatal care (ANC) , delivery at a health facility and division were significantly associated with CS. Women who delivered in a private health facility had the highest odds for CS (odds ratio [OR] 10.35 [95% confidence interval {CI} 8.55 to 12.54]). Women 30–34 y of age had a 36% higher likelihood of CS compared with women 15–19 y of age (OR 1.36 [95% CI 1.03 to 1.79]). The odds of CS positively increased with household wealth status. Women who had at least one ANC visit had a 1.7 times higher possibility of CS (OR 1.70 [95% CI 1.26 to 2.30]). Conclusions Policy guidelines on caesarean deliveries are urgently needed in Bangladesh to avoid unnecessary caesarean deliveries and protect mothers from the consequences.
Background Adequate good quality of sleep is essential for physical fitness during pregnancy as well as being a depressive symptoms-free mind. However, there is little evidence of the relationship between depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality among pregnant women in Bangladesh. This study aimed to find the association between depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality among pregnant women in northern rural Bangladesh. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2021 to June 2021 among 481 pregnant women tested positive in the pregnancy test of Jaldhaka and Dimla Upazila of Nilphamari district, Rangpur Division. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic conditions, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms, comprising the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire- 9 (PHQ-9). Results 8.94% of the women had depressive symptoms, whereas 38.88% of the participants were bad sleepers. However, women who had depressive symptoms [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.55; 95% CI 1.33-4.9] and educational qualifications above 10 years [AOR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.39-0.92] were associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusions A higher percentage of pregnant women had poor sleep quality, whereas depressive symptoms and academic background of the participants were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Ensuring adequate sleep time and better quality could be helpful to prevent depressive symptoms.
The coastal zone of Bangladesh is very heterogeneous in nature and has marvelous potential to create opportunities of national importance and contribute to GDP. Among the potentials-intensification of agriculture, aqua-culture and marine fishery, ship building industry, eco-tourism, deep sea port etc. are most significant. Unfortunately, the coastal zone of the country is disaster prone area. Poor communication, lack of education and health care facilities, prolonged absence of safe drinking water and inadequate cyclone shelters contribute and multiply the dimension of vulnerability. Furthermore, increasing population pressure increases the competition for limited resources. As a consequence, in order to unlock these potentials, existing and new interventions are required to serve in an integrated and inclusive way; calling for a distinct and integrated coastal development strategy. This study aims to investigate the issues of the western floodplain of the Ganges and propose some identical strategies and subsequent adaptation pathways to delineate the development roadmaps to decision makers and researches. Analyses have been conducted through GIS and RS technology, Dynamic Pathway Generator, Excel analysis and field investigation.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Dumki Upazila of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among the under-five children. Anthropometric measurements were taken from all children, aged 0-59 months in the studied area using wooden height board and digital weight machine. We used WHO Anthro software for analyzing the z scores of the children. A total of 4409 (2296 boys and 2113 girls) under five children were counted for anthropometric analysis. Regarding the Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), the study revealed that the prevalence of stunting was 27.10% (95% CI: 25.8-28.5) of the children while 7.80% (95% CI: 7-8.6) were severe stunting. By assessing the Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), the study showed that 11.20% (95% CI: 10.3-12.1) were wasting whereas 3% (95% CI 2.5-3.5) were severe wasting. According to Weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), about 18.20% (95% CI: 17-19.3) were underweight and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.5-4.7) were underweight. The findings of the study show that prevalence of stunting is very high. Focusing on childhood stunting is a high priority, and there should be comprehensive efforts to increase the overall nutritional status of the under-five children in this area.
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