Background Extradural hematoma (EDH) is a leading cause of death in young population. Timely intervention gives dramatic recovery but often fatal if not treated in time. The surgical outcome of EDH depends on many variables that strongly affect the prognosis of the disease, which are preoperative Glasgow coma scale (GCS), overlying skull fracture, time interval between injury and surgery, other associated intracranial injuries (like cerebral contusion, subdural hematoma, or intracerebral hematoma), pupillary abnormalities(anisocoria), and hematoma volume. But no correlation was found between surgical outcome of EDH and age, sex, etiology, and site of hematoma. Objective We want to identify the factors affecting the surgical outcome of EDH that will help us in preoperative prioritization of the cases for intervention, adequate resuscitation, and counselling the attendant regarding the outcome. Our ultimate goal was to reduce the mortality and morbidity from this disease. Methods This study was conducted on the patients admitted through neuroemergency and diagnosed as EDH by computed tomography scan of head, in the department of Neurosurgery of Dhaka medical college and hospital from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. This is three-year prospective interventional study where all the patients underwent surgical evacuation of EDH on emergency basis and outcome was measured by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) after 48 hours of admission and at discharge. Results Outcome was divided into good (GOS 4,5) and poor (GOS 1–3) groups. Pre-operative GCS, overlying skull fracture, time interval between injury and surgery, associated intracranial injuries, anisocoria and hematoma volume were the factors affecting the surgical outcome significantly. Conclusion Good surgical outcome is associated with EDH volume less than 40cc, pre-operative GCS more than 8, absence of anisocoria, overlying skull fracture, no associated intracranial injury and surgery within 12 hours of injury. But age, sex and site of EDH has no definite correlation with outcome.

<p class="Abstract">Hand-Schuller-Christian disease (HSC) is a rare disease of unknown cause. We report a case of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease with a solitary swelling over left parieto-occipital region of scalp, and increased thirst with polyuria. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of the disease will improve the life expectancy.</p>

<p>One of the most popular procedures for treating the unstable thoracolumbar fracture is the short segment pedicle screw fixation. Due to lack of adequate neurological improvement, progressive kyphosis and hardware failure, the efficacy of different methods remain debatable. One hundred patients of thoracolumbar burst fractures were managed from January 2010 to December 2014 by  transforaminal thoracolumbar interbody fusion and short-segment pedicle screw stabilization. Each patient was followed-up for a minimum of 2 years. Bony fusion was done in each patient in between two vertebra along with transpedicular fixation. Follow-up radiological images showed good reduction and the fusion of the vertebral body was good. Excellent neurological improvement of the Frankel grade C and D was seen in 84 patients. Ten patients had  grade B, improvement which was not satisfactory. 15 patients with no paraplegia/hemiplegia on admission remained neurologically intact. For the management of thoracolumbar burst fractures short segment posterior transpedicular fixation with bone graft is very economic and safe procedure with good neurological improvement.</p>

Introduction: The parameters of fontanelle can be very reliable and helpful source to assess the internal status of hydrocephalus in early childhood. Methods and Materials: We have studied the parameters of 69 patients of hydrocephalus in early childhood to assess the status of hydrocephalus. All the patients - who were admitted in the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2002 to December 2003. Results: All patients were evaluated clinically as well as with imaging study. The age range was from newborn to 12 months. There was male preponderance; male to female ratio was 2.6:1. Clinical evaluation of head and face showed 97.10% patients had open anterior fontanelle, 88.41% had apparent large head, 59.04% had presence of sunset sign. Analysis of anterior fontanelle showed 66.67% had bulged fontanelle, 30.43% had flat fontanelle and 2.90% had concave fontanelle. Evaluation of the clinical status of posterior fontanelle revealed that 23.19% had open posterior fontanelle. Among them 15.94% had bulged and 7.25% had flat fontanelle. Conclusion: By analyzing the result we found that clinical evaluation of fontanelle gives good guidance to assess the status of hydrocephalus in early childhood. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2011; Vol. 27 (2) : 83-86 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v27i2.17574

A cross sectional anthropometric survey of 2045 healthy children (5-14 years) of affluent society of Dhaka City was done with the aim to compare their growth with the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) standard. It was found that both weight and height of boys and girls of the studied children fall between 25th to 50th percentile of NCHS standard. In case of boys, body weight deviates below 25th percentile after 12 years whereas mean height is nearly parallel to 50th percentile up to 14 years. In case of girls, the pattern of growth is same except the fall below 25th percentile at the age of 8 and 9 years and the height remains above 25th percentile up to 12 years. It can be concluded that mean growth of affluent Bangladeshi school children is comparable to NCHS standard with minor variations.

<p class="Abstract">Spondylolisthesis is forward slipping of upper vertebra in relations to its lower one, commonest is L4-L5. The ideal surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis is still controversial. Posterior lumber interbody fusion with pedicle fixation is one of treatment choices for the lumber spondylolisthesis. Forty patient who operated through posterior lumber interbody fusion and pedicle screw fixation by single surgeon was included from January 2012 to March 2015. Periodical follow-up was done both clinically and radiologically up to 6 months. Patient outcome was completed based on pain relief graphic rating scale and Oswestry disability index. In our series, the excellent outcome were 25 patients (62.5%), good were 12 patients (30%), and fair were 3 patients (7.5%). There were no poor outcome and no new neurological deficit. This study concludes that posterior lumber inter-body fusion with pedicle is an effective treatment for the lumber spondylolisthesis. It helps to maintain the biomechanics, associated with less complication and improve the quality of life of patient.</p>

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Cervicothoracic junction tuberculosis involves the C7 to D3 levels of the spine which constitutes 5% of all spinal tuberculosis. As the cervicothoracic junction is transitional zone and a weight-bearing area, the anatomical considerations for treatment of cervicothoracic junction is very difficult. We did a lateral mass screw for C5, 6, and 7 and pedicle screw of D3 and 4 levels, and connected cervical 3.5 mm rod with thoracic 5.5 mm rod using a domino connector. We gave antituberculosis therapy for 18 months. We followed-up the patient routinely and she significantly improved.