Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients and survivors face stigma, discrimination, and negligence. The motives for and the different types and consequences of COVID-19-related stigmatization remain underexplored in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study examined how the COVID-19 stigmatization process is interlinked with transmission flow. Methods: Using a qualitative research design, we conducted 20 in-depth interviews with infected and suspected caregivers and five key informant interviews with physicians, local media representatives, leaders, law enforcement officials, and local administrative officials in three divisional cities of Bangladesh. We performed thematic analysis to analyze the data. Results: Participants expressed their experiences with multiple subthemes within three themes (stigma related to symptoms, stigma associated with isolation and quarantine, and stigma associated with health services). Participants reportedly faced stigma, for example, exclusion, hesitation to interact, avoidance, bullying, threat, and negligence caused by misinformation, rumors, and fear. Stigmatized individuals reportedly hid their symptoms and refrained from seeking healthcare services, contributing to COVID-19 transmission flow. Conclusion:Revealed insights may contribute to effective prevention, control, and management of such an emerging pandemic. Further in-depth exploration of such stigmatization process will enrich unexpected outbreaks management effectively.

Background The dementia care policy in Japan emphasizes the views of people living with dementia in care planning. An exploration of the everyday wishes of older people living with dementia can help clarify their priorities and assist in improving dementia care. This study aimed to explore the everyday wishes of older people living with dementia in Japan. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in Aichi prefecture in Japan. Older people with mild to moderate dementia were considered for inclusion. Participants were recruited from a dementia outpatient clinic. In-depth interviews were conducted with 36 participants in the same dementia outpatient clinic from January to October 2019. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. Inductive content analysis was carried out to analyze the data. Findings Participants expressed their everyday wishes within five themes (desire of being connected, freedom to decide, involvement in activities, status quo, and self-reliance). Older people living with dementia loved the connection with their family and wanted to have an enjoyable life by engaging in several activities without others’ interference. They desired to maintain the status quo and not be a burden to others. Conclusions This study provides evidence on the everyday wishes of people living with dementia. Identified wishes are mostly on emotional aspects of their daily lives. The findings of our study might help provide care for the people living with dementia considering their wishes. Further exploration, including people with severe dementia, is needed.

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to 100 IU/d pre-treated and 200 IU/d treated normal rats measured in terms of hemodynamic, echocardiographic, histopathological, oxidative stress parameters and expression and level of TGF-b and a-SMA, which were significantly attenuated by administration of L-NAME (20 mg/kg), a selective inhibitor of eNOS. Exposure of TGF-b markedly increases the expression of a-SMA in vitamin D silenced HUVECs and also in normal HUVECs, which were averted by treatment or pretreatment of calcitriol (50 nM). Conclusion:The disease severity increases in the rats with low serum vitamin D levels, which is ameliorated with vitamin D treatment. Moreover, vitamin D is more effective in treating PAH in vitamin D deficient rats than in normal rats, even at a low dose. This effect of vitamin D in the PAH disease model is mediated by the TGF-b/a-SMA signaling pathway.