In Eastern Dhaka, perennial flood remains a constant threat to people and livelihoods. Learning from the micro-level experiences of the poor in the peri-urban areas of Dhaka provides insights on the intersections between physical vulnerability, flood response strategies, and adaptive capacity. Through a convergent mixed method, this study examines the physical vulnerability of residential buildings, flood damages, and local physical responses in three neighborhoods of Eastern Dhaka. Results show that the level of damage to buildings is the most important predictor of physical vulnerability to floods. Buildings that are older than 20 years old and built with natural materials are likely to experience high flood damages compared to buildings that are less than 10 years and constructed with durable materials. The study concludes that in addition to socio-economic interventions, a targeted and people-centered flood management regime that pays attention to age, material composition, and structural quality of houses is necessary to build residents’ adaptive capacities and long-term resilience to flooding. This study contributes to the emerging work on grassroots responses to flood vulnerabilities with practical insights for urban planners and disaster management professionals on particular interventions needed to improve the performance of local responses to flood risks and vulnerabilities.

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Three-phase flow occurs during many important processes in oil reservoirs including tertiary gas and water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection. Accurate estimation of three-phase relative permeability (kr) is required to describe and predict the behaviour of these multi-phase flow conditions. The current approach in the oil industry for simulation of WAG experiments is to use two-phase relative permeability data to generate three-phase kr values by using correlations (e.g. Stone1, Baker, etc) available in commercial reservoir simulators. In this paper, we evaluate the performances of the existing three-phase relative permeability models against experimental data. Two sets of WAG experiments were carried out by performing core flood experiments on a water-wet and a mixed wet core using low IFT oil/gas fluids. The results show that choosing inappropriate three-phase kr model in simulation of the WAG experiments can lead to large errors in prediction of fluids production and pressure. The predictions made by the existing models can be very variable and various models can predict vastly different 3-phase kr values from the same 2-phase data. While some models perform better than others, all of the 3-phase kr models examined in this study fail to predict the continued production of oil after the breakthrough of the gas which is one of the features of gas and WAG injection experiments at low gas-oil IFT (interfacial tension). The resulted three phase relative permeability obtained from WAG experiments revealed strong cyclic hysteresis for oil, water and gas relative permeabilities in both water-wet and mixed-wet systems. Our results highlight some serious shortcomings of the existing hysteresis models. Comparison of the kr hysteresis observed for water-wet and mixed-wet WAG experiments demonstrates significant differences between the results obtained for the two wettability conditions which demonstrates the impact of wettability on three-phase flow during cyclic injection of water and gas and the importance of performing these experiments under representative wettability of the reservoir. The results clearly demonstrate the need for improved models and methodologies for obtaining three-phase kr and also kr hysteresis especially for WAG injection.

Over the last three decades, Bangladesh has implemented various initiatives to address different climate change impacts. In a multi-level governance arrangement, addressing climate change impacts is often constrained by climate change mainstreaming. In Bangladesh, a crucial question that arises is how mitigation and adaptation efforts are addressed at both national and sub-national levels. This paper examines the integration of climate change issues into national, sectoral, and city development plans with a particular focus on Dhaka using a framework developed based on the United Nations Development Program’s (UNDP) climate change mainstreaming guidelines for national development processes. The review finds evidence that mainstreaming of climate change is strong in national and sectoral development plans and has been incremental since 2002. However, climate change mainstreaming in Dhaka city development plans is moderate, especially in terms of climate risk and opportunity assessment, institutional arrangement, and capacity building for climate action. To augment existing efforts at mainstreaming at the sub-national level, the paper suggests the need to build sub-national level climate capacity with particular attention to institutional coordination and cooperation among agencies at different levels of development planning and to establish a national financing arrangement that allows sub-national agencies to harness climate finance.

This study investigates the projected outcome of the Bangladesh government's decision to relocate the Hazaribagh tanneries outside Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Ever since the early industrialisation of Bangladesh, leather processing industries have played a significant economic role. In Dhaka, these industries are mainly concentrated in Hazaribagh, an important area in the southwestern part of the city. Hazaribagh is a junction connecting the new township with the old one. However, the use of inferior technologies, coupled with the absence of proper industrial waste-management and waste-treatment facilities, have destroyed the ecology of the Hazaribagh area and badly impacted its surroundings. Consequently, moving the tanneries from Hazaribagh and then redeveloping the area offers a unique opportunity in the country's sustainable urban regeneration. Regenerating the Hazaribagh urban brownfield can serve as a model for sustainable twenty-first-century neighbourhoods, incorporating contemporary facilities and environmentally friendly elements for healthy living. This study analyses the Hazaribagh area's potential as an example of a planned sustainable area for the entire city, free from the severe pollution that it is notorious for.