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Background Endoscopy has long been widely used to screen for esophageal varices (EV) in cirrhotic patients. Recurrent endoscopy is a significant burden for the healthcare system of the endoscopic unit as well as uncomfortable and high costs for patients. This study intended to prognosticate Right Liver Lobe Diameter/Serum Albumin Ratio (RLLD/Alb) as a non‐invasive approach in the early diagnosis of EV among chronic liver disease (CLD) Bangladeshi patients enrolled in a specific hospital. Participants and Methods A total of 150 admitted patients with CLD were included in the study. Patients were subjected through a comprehensive biochemical checkup and upper digestive endoscopic or ultrasonographic inspection. The correlation was evaluated between the RLLD/Alb ratio and esophageal varices grades. Results The upper digestive endoscopy demonstration among 150 patients resulted in no EV in 18%, while 24% of patients was identified as EV grade I, 20% as grade II, 20% as grade III, and 18% patients as grade IV. The mean value of the RLLD/Alb ratio was 4.89 ± 1.49 (range from 2.30 to 8.45). The RLLD/Alb ratio diagnosed the EV employing the cut‐off value of 4.01 with 85.3% sensitivity and 68.8% specificity. Furthermore, it was positively correlated with the grading of EV, when this ratio increased the grading of EV increases and vice versa (r = 0.630, p < 0.001). Conclusion The RLLD/Alb ratio is a non‐invasive parameter giving exact guidance relevant to the ascertainment of the existence of EV and their grading in chronic liver disease patients.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Ixora chinensis and Cascabela thevetia leaf. Leaf parts of Ixora chinensis and Cascabela thevetia plants were subjected to prepare the extracts with pure methanol and ethanol as solvent. These leaf extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial potentialities by utilizing the DPPH assay and disc diffusion methods, respectively. All the leaf extracts exhibited DPPH radical scavenging ability, among them ethanolic leaf extracts of Ixora chinensis and combined methanolic extracts of both leaf demonstrated the substantial antioxidant potentiality with the 18.52 and 29.64 µg/ml as IC50 value, respectively. In the context of antibacterial activity, both leaf extracts (Methanol and ethanol) of Cascabela thevetia showed low to moderate antibacterial activity, generating almost similar zone of inhibition against three (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Vibrio cholerae C6706) of eleven investigated bacterial strains with the 7 to 10 millimeters (Diameter). The current outcomes conclude that leaf extracts of the Ixora chinensis and Cascabela thevetia could be utilized to develop the biopharmaceutical agents.

A novel coronavirus, namely SARS-CoV-2, has emerged rapidly and overspread worldwide, causing a pandemic disease, COVID-19. Until now, no pharmaceutical interventions specific to the COVID-19 infection has been proven effective. In these circumstances, non-pharmaceutical interventions, for example, banning local and international flights, national lockdowns of cities, social distancing, self-isolation, home-quarantine, the closure of schools and universities, closure of government and private offices, banning of mass gatherings would play a vital role in minimizing the primary reproduction number (R0) in expected level. Many Asia Pacific countries, Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, and Vietnam, adopt, practice, and implement those non-pharmaceutical interventions and have success stories. Thereby, non-pharmaceutical interventions can contain the virus's spreading, which further reduces long waiting for the healthcare system's hospitalization and burden.