Duck plague (DP) is the most feared duck disease in the world. For isolation, identification, molecular detection and characterization of DP virus (DPV), a total of 94 samples were collected from commercial farms (n=6) and households (n=13) from Rajshahi (n=37), Netrokona (n=35) and Mymensingh (n=22) districts of Bangladesh. The samples were processed and inoculated into 11-13 days old embryonated duck eggs for virus propagation. Virus was identified using agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGIT) and passive hemagglutination (PHA) test, and was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting DNA polymerase and gC genes, followed by sequencing. Pathogenicity tests were performed using duck embryos, ducklings and ducks. Among the 94 samples, 17 isolates were confirmed as DPV by PCR amplification of partial DNA polymerase (446bp) and gC genes (78-bp), respectively. One of the isolates (Anatid herpes 1 BAU DMH) was sequenced and found to be closely related with a Chinese variant of DPV (GenBank: JQ647509.1). Thus, we assume that both Bangladeshi and Chinese isolates of DPV may have a common ancestor.
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) is the most important foodborne pathogen which is the causal agent of mild diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in human. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence and identification of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli in poultry, detection of its source of infection in poultry and transmission pattern to human. For this purpose a total of 150 samples (cloacal swab-60, feed -15, water-15 and egg -60) were collected and analyzed in bacteriology laboratory by cultured in different bacteriological media followed by gram’s staining, biochemical tests and Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR). The PCR was performed by targeting 16s rRNA gene and shiga toxin producing gene in E. coli. Out of 150 collected samples, E. coli was found in 81 (54%) samples. Presence of E. coli was 100% in both feed (n=15) and egg (n=60), whereas 10% in cloacal swab (n=6). Water samples were totally free of E. coli. The stx2 gene was detected in all samples whether all samples were negative for stx1 gene. The study revealed that, poultry feed acts as a source of E. coli infection in poultry, which may be transmitted to environment and human via meat or eggs. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that isolated bacteria were highly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin.
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> In modern era, treatment methods become diversified and developed day by day and organic medicine is one of the modern technology which also introduced in our poultry sector.<strong> </strong>This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Thankuni (<em>Centella asiatica)</em> and Kalo Jeera (<em>Nigella sativa</em>) powdered supplementation as a growth promoter in broiler chickens.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 20 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into two groups, A and B after seven days of acclimatization. The group A was kept as control and fed on only normal balanced diet. The group B was treatment group fed on normal diet with additional supplementation of Thankuni and Kalo Jeera powder in water. For observation of growth rate, live body weight was taken at first day and every seven days interval up to 5<sup>th</sup> weeks. Besides it hematological tests were performed at 35<sup>th</sup> days for searching hematological changes in both groups. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The initial body weight of groups A and Bon 1<sup>st</sup> day of this experiment were 43.00 ± 0.56 gm and 42.50 ± 0.35 gm, respectively and after 35<sup>th</sup> day of experiment final body weight were 1450 ± 57.35 gm and 1700 ± 58.56 gm (p<1%) respectively. The growth rate of treatment group B was 17.24% more (p<1%) than that of control birds. Although the dressing percentage of both group was equal but relative weight of heart, liver, spleen and pancreas were significantly higher (p<0.1) in treatment group indicates better flock health. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were 1.88 in treated birds and 2.28 in control birds was the sign of economy rate of production and were analyzed and found that net profit per broiler was Tk. 10.50 (0.12 USD) and Tk. 33.00 (0.4 USD), respectively. General blood parameters of treatment group were non-significantly higher than control group. </p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results suggest that better growth performance were achieved in broilers supplemented with Thankuni leaf and Kalo Jeera. Both of these two herbal medicines have antimicrobial, immunostimulatory, anti-stress, fungi static, insecticidal and liver tonic properties so that there were no mortality rate. Now it can be said that uses of Thankuni and Kalo Jeera has beneficiary effects in broiler production.
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