In this work, the evaluation of the design and optimization of proposed offgrid hybrid microgrid systems for different load dispatch strategies is presented by assessing the component sizes, system responses and different cost analyses of the proposed system. This study optimizes the sizing of the Barishal and Chattogram (two popular divisions in Bangladesh) hybrid microgrid systems consisting of wind turbine, storage unit, solar PV, diesel generator and a load profile of 27.31 kW for five dispatch techniques: (i) generator order,l (ii) cycle charging, (iii)oad following, (iv) HOMER predictive dispatch and (v) combined dispatch strategy. The considered microgrids are optimized for the least CO gas emission, Net Present Cost, and Levelized Cost of Energy. The two microgrids are analyzed for the five dispatch techniques using HOMER software, and subsequently, the power system performance and feasibility study of the microgrids are performed in MATLAB Simulink. The results in this research provide a guideline to estimate different component sizes and probable costing for the optimal operation of the proposed microgrids under various load dispatch conditions. The simulation results suggest that 'Load Following' is the best dispatch strategy for the proposed microgrids having a stable power system response with the lowest net present cost, levelized cost of energy, operating cost, and CO 2 emission rate. Additionally, the combined dispatch strategy is determined to be the worst dispatch technique for proposed off-grid hybrid microgrid design having the maximum levelized cost of energy, net present cost, operating cost and CO 2 emission.
Hypoxia is a hallmark of many diseases, including cancer,
arthritis,
heart and kidney diseases, and diabetes, and it is often associated
with disease aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Consequently, there
is a critical need for imaging hypoxia in a noninvasive and direct
way to diagnose, stage, and monitor the treatment and development
of new therapies for these diseases. Eu-containing contrast agents
for magnetic resonance imaging have demonstrated potential for in
vivo imaging of hypoxia via changes in metal oxidation state from
+2 to +3, but rapid oxidation in blood limits EuII-containing
complexes to studies compatible with direct injection to sites. Here,
we report a new EuII-containing complex that persists in
oxygenated environments and is capable of persisting in blood long
enough for imaging by magnetic resonance imaging. We describe the
screening of a library of ligands that led to the discovery of the
complex as well as a pH-dependent mechanism that hinders oxidation
to enable usefulness in vivo. These studies of the first divalent
lanthanide complex that persists in oxygenated solutions open the
door to the use of EuII-based contrast agents for imaging
hypoxia in a wide range of diseases.
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