Every year a concerning number of women are affected by breast cancer which is one of the deadliest and common types of cancers. Breast cancer is curable at early stages. For detecting breast cancer, there are several methods such as MRI, Mammography, Tomography, Ultrasound, and biopsy are available in medical technology. Still, none of them are as easy and efficient as a microwave imaging technique, in this method, the antenna plays an important role. Therefore, this paper focuses on developing an antenna at a low-frequency range for microwave imaging techniques to detect cancerous tissue inside the breast. For this, the antenna parameters, i.e., return loss, VSWR, directivity, current density, and specific absorption rate were studied, by setting the antenna over without tumor and with tumor breast as upside-down, to ensure the compatibility of the antenna for the technique as well as for the patient's body. A 5mm radius cancerous tumor was created inside the breast with dielectric conductivity of 4 and relative permittivity of 50. Cancerous cells were detected by reading the antenna parameters' comparison between the healthy breast and the affected breast. The whole study was conducted by using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO SUITE 2020.
The study was focused on investigating the impact of different washing processes (dark shade, medium shade, light shade) on various properties of denim fabric. Two different types of fabrics with twill and dobby weave constructions were produced from cotton, spandex, and polyester yarn, and different types of washing processes were applied. Dimensional stability, tensile strength, tearing strength, EPI and PPI, weight, colorfastness to rubbing, colorfastness to perspiration (acid and alkaline), and colorfastness to water was investigated and comparisons were made statistically between the before washed sample and after washed sample. It is found that the process result shows better tear and tensile strength in case of dark & medium shade wash than light shade wash. On the other hand, weight and EPI & PPI have shown better result for light wash than other wash. Colorfastness to rubbing, Colorfastness to water, and Colorfastness to perspiration (acid and alkaline medium) are similar. The shrinkage% is higher especially in the weft direction of the fabric for light wash than the dark wash.
Now-a-days sustainability is a crucial issue in denim washing. This research initiative is performed aiming to resolve the crisis of sustainability in denim washing by process optimization technique which highlights the reduction of water, chemical and time as well as costing of denim garments. In this research work, process optimization technique is administered by reducing several wash & chemical application baths into a single bath confirming without alteration of physical properties and color fastness of denim fabric. For confirmation without alteration of physical properties and color fastness, several tests are carried out like tensile and tear strength, color fastness to rubbing, color fastness to wash, color fastness to water, color fastness to perspiration and CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) value for both conventional and sustainable washing method. BOD, COD and pH of waste water is determined which shows better result in sustainable washing method also. Reduction of rinsing time in sustainable washing method results in less consumption of water by 475 and process time by 19% and also saves $0.34/ dozen garments which validate the cost effectiveness of this sustainable washing method.
The study was focused on investigating the impact of different washing processes (dark shade, medium shade, light shade) on various properties of denim fabric. Two different types of fabrics with twill and dobby weave constructions were produced from cotton, spandex, and polyester yarn, and different types of washing processes were applied. Dimensional stability, tensile strength, tearing strength, EPI and PPI, weight, colorfastness to rubbing, colorfastness to perspiration (acid and alkaline), and colorfastness to water was investigated and comparisons were made statistically between the before washed sample and after washed sample. It is found that the process result shows better tear and tensile strength in case of dark & medium shade wash than light shade wash. On the other hand, weight and EPI & PPI have shown better result for light wash than other wash. Colorfastness to rubbing, Colorfastness to water, and Colorfastness to perspiration (acid and alkaline medium) are similar. The shrinkage% is higher especially in the weft direction of the fabric for light wash than the dark wash.
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