The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19, the current global health emergency, is wreaking havoc on human health systems and, to a lesser degree, on animals globally. The outbreak has continued since the first report of COVID-19 in China in December 2019, and the second and third waves of the outbreak have already begun in several countries. COVID-19 is expected to have adverse effects on crop production, food security, integrated pest control, tourism, the car industry, and other sectors of the global economy. COVID-19 induces a range of effects in livestock that is reflected economically since human health and livelihood are intertwined with animal health. We summarize the potentially harmful effects of COVID-19 on livestock and possible mitigation steps in response to this global outbreak. Mitigation of the negative effects of COVID-19 and future pandemics on livestock requires the implementation of current guidelines.
The complete genome sequence of molluscum contagiosum virus 1 (MOCV1) isolate NT2017 was sequenced from a tissue sample from an Australian woman. The genome consisted of 185,655 bp encoding 169 predicted open reading frames. Phylogenetically, isolate NT2017 was most closely related to an MOCV1 strain from Slovenia.
Despite the indigenous chicken's many natural advantages, broodiness continues to be a substantial barrier to minimizing egg production and economic losses. Prolactin is the primary regulator of broodiness. As a result, the goal of our research was to see if lower prolactin levels can limit broodiness, resulting in increased egg production and increased economic value. Sixty indigenous chickens aged 18-20 weeks were divided into three groups of 20 hens each. One was left untreated, two were given GnRH (0.50 ml/bird @ S/C) with Anti-prolactin (Bromocriptine 640 g/bird/day @ orally), and three were given GnRH, Anti-prolactin, and cold therapy (1 time/day) for three months. The chickens were first given GnRH injections once a week for three weeks. It was given on the 13th day of egg production and continued for 10 days. After utilizing GnRH plus anti-prolactin medications for 13 days, the cold application was given every day at the same time. Hormone analysis, egg production, broody time, pause time was noted. Prolactin levels fell in all treatment groups. The number of egg production per clutch was significantly (p<0.05) increased in both treated groups, and the highest was recorded in GnRH plus anti-prolactin group (33eggs / clutch). Surprisingly, pause day and broody time significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the same Group B (7d, 4d respectively). Postmortem ovary analysis substantially supports the treatment group's finding against the control group. Overall, combining an anti-prolactin drug with GnRH enhances egg production by synergistically modulating broody behavior.
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) causes huge economic losses in the dairy industry due to suppression in milk production. We have conducted this study to see the infection rate of subclinical mastitis in milking cows of Raninagar Upazila and assess the efficacy of intramammary infusion in cows infected by subclinical mastitis. We have taken milk samples from 103 milking cows and screened for SCM using California Mastitis Test (CMT). We recorded the infection rate 51.5 % for SCM and treated the udder with the udder infusion of Mastanil® drug containing Gentamicin sulphate 100mg/ml supplied by Techno Drugs Ltd, Bangladesh. The infection rate was remarkably increased with the age and parity of cows. The prevalence of 33.1% was notably found in the left hind (LH) quarter compared to other quarters. We have also found that the effectiveness of intramammary infusion with Mastanil® drug in lactating cows is 50.9%. Despite limitations regarding accurate disease investigation procedure, we conducted our experiments, thus, further research is warranted to observe the hygiene regarding milker’s hand and milking instruments and dry cow therapy with other potential drug to assess and validate our observations in managing SCM substantially.
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