Impaired lipid metabolism in diabetic patients can lead to cardiovascular complications. Poor glycaemic control is associated with a significant increase in the risk of both patient’s morbidity and mortality. An early intervention to regulate circulating lipids has been found to lower the risk of cardiovascular problems and death. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a reliable indicator of rising blood sugar levels. This hospital based observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal from October 2014 to March 2015 over a period of 6 month to determine the correlation of glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 110 type 2 diabe- tes mellitus(DM) patients of both sexes admitted to the Deapartment of Medicine of Sher-E- Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal, were recruited for this study. Following standard procedures and protocols, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood sugar two hours after breakfast, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting lipid profile were measured. The age of respondents ranged from 34 to 70 years with the mean age of 54.35}8.02 years. Among the patients male were 70 (63.6%) and female were 40 (36.4%). Mean age at diagnosis of DM and duration of DM was 47.07}6.03 years and 7.27}3.41 years, respectively. Mean body mass index (BMI), FBS and HbA1c were 25.02}5.22 kg/m2, 8.06}2.01 mmol/L and 8.34}1.9 % respectively. Significant positive correlation of HbA1c and FBS with BMI, total cholester- ol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL-C) and negative correlation with high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was found. Significantly higher TC, TG and LDL-C and lower HDL-C were found in poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7) group than good glycemic control (HbA1c < 7 ) group. The results of this study showed that , higher levels of glycemic parame- ters are significantly associated with dyslipidemia. These findings also indicate that HbA1c can be utilized for screening of high risk diabetic patients for early diagnosis of dyslipidemia and timely intervention with lipid lowering drugs. BSMMU J 2021; 14(4): 138-143

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a common endoscopic finding in patients of cirrhosis of liver. The cause and pathogenesis of PHG in cirrhotic patients is poorly understood. Some studies showed, association of Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) with portal hypertensive gastropathy in cirrhosis of liver, but the evidence is not robust. The aim of this study was to assess the association of H. pylori infection and PHG in patients with cirrhosis of liver. This case control study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from April 2016 to August 2018. A total of 230 patients with cirrhosis of liver were included in this study. There were 115 cirrhotic patients with PHG as cases and 115 cirrhotic patients without PHG as controls.  Upper gastrointestinal Endoscopy and 13C Urea Breath Test (UBT) was done in both cases and controls. In this study, out of 230 cases, 147 (63.91%) found to have H. pylori infection. Among cirrhotic patients with PHG case, 77 (66.95%) was positive in UBT. Out of these 77 UBT positive cases, 55 had mild PHG whereas 22 cases had severe form of PHG. Among 38 cases of cirrhosis with PHG who had negative UBT, 23 had mild PHG and 15 cases had severe form of PHG. The risk of positive urea breath test was not statistically significant in cirrhotic patients with PHG in comparison with cirrhotic patients without PHG (P=0.337, OR 1.303, 95% CI 0.759-2.235). In this study, statistically significant association was not found between H. Pylori and PHG in cirrhotic patients. Bangladesh Med J. 2021 May; 50(2) : 21-27

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as a common cause of chronic liver disease. It is potentially progressive towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and its complications including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). So, the need for predictive factors of NAFLD is important. Among the different serum markers in NAFLD, serum uric acid (SUA) has emerged as a possible predictor of severity of liver damage. This observational cross sectional study was carried out involving 100 patients from the department of gastroenterology, BSMMU, Dhaka, with the intention to determine the association of serum uric acid (SUA) level with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Among them, 55 were having NAFLD; and 45 subjects without NAFLD were considered as control. The diagnosis of NAFLD was based on the guidelines for the assessment and management of NAFLD in the Asia-pacific region. Serum uric acid, liver enzymes, glycaemic status, serum lipid profile and anthropometric measurements were compared between NAFLD group & control. The mean age was found 41.34 + 10.88 years in both the groups. Male were 62% & female were 38% among the study population. Forty percent of the study subjects were overweight, 23% were obese and 37% had normal body weight. NAFLD patients had significantly higher serum uric level (6.9 + 0.89 mg/dl) in comparison to non-NAFLD group (4.3 +0.87 mg/dl). The study showed that serum uric acid level was significantly associated with NAFLD. Serum uric acid may be used as a useful additional marker to assess the risk of development of NAFLD in the clinical setting of metabolic syndrome. BSMMU J 2021; 14(4): 125-131

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and obesity. NAFLD is considered as hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). Objectives: The aim of this study was to see the pattern of lipid profile and blood pressure in NAFLD patients. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of gastroenterology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2016 to March 2017. A total of 100 patients included in this study underwent abdominal ultrasonography after excluding known case of liver disease with other etiology. Results: The study population were categorized as NAFLD and normal group on the basis of abdominal ultrasonography. NAFLD and normal subjects were 55% and 45% respectively. The mean age was 41.34 + 10.88 years. Male were 62% and 38% were female.40% of study subjects were overweight, 23% were obese and 37% had normal bodyweight. Body mass index (BMI) was higher in NAFLD group; 25.10 ± 1.75 vs 21.64 ± 2.62 , P < 0.001). Dyslipidemia was present in 47% of study population. Total cholesterol (TC) (195.5±45.98 vs 140.33±47.86 mg/dl, P < 0.001), Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (120.28±43.95 vs 95.15±44.90 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and Triglyceride (TG) (230.50 ± 48.96 vs 148.40±46.43 mg/dl , P < 0.001) was higher and High density Lipoprotein (HDL) (32.69±5.49 vs 39.91±5.74 mg/dl, P < 0.001) was lower in NAFLD group in comparison to normal group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) was also significantly higher in NAFLD group (135±12 vs 121±9 mm Hg , P < 0.001) and 82±4 vs 74±3 mm Hg (P < 0.001) respectively. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of dyslipidemia was found in NAFLD patients. TC, LDL-C , TG and blood pressure was significantly higher in NAFLD patient in comparison to normal group. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2021; 13(1): 68-74