This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different environments on rearing and production performance of freshwater mud eel, Monopterus cuchia. The study was conducted over a period of six months from June to November 2013. Different environments such as House tanks, Earthen ditches, Plastic tank and Back yard tanks were used. Except the earthen ditch-2 (control), all environments were fed by different biological food such as small live fish (Tilapia fry), earth worms, small dead fish, snails, small frogs and chicken viscera in different amounts. 40 fishes (approximately 1kg in weight) were stocked into each of the environment. At the end of the experiment, the highest mean of final length (32.89±2.65423) and final weight (109.69±2.92777) were obtained in earthen ditch-1. The weight gain in length 17.78 ± 0.24 and in weight 85.07 ± 0.15 with 92.5% survival and production (4.07kg) were also highest in earthen ditch-1. However, earthenditch-2 which was used as control has also shown satisfactory results in terms of weight gain in length and weight 14.1 ± 0.48 and 66.66 ± 0.82 respectively with 87.5% survival. On the other hand, the lowest mean growth considering final length (28.45±2.80092) and weight (67.24±3.79328) were recorded in house tank-2 while the weight gain in length (11.86 ± 0.26) and in weigh (41.84 ± 0.59) were also observed in house tank-2 with the production of 2.02kg by 75% survival. Based on Pearson Correlation coefficient there were no significant correlations between lengths and weights of fish in different culture regimes. Significant value (P=0.000) of each of the environments implies that M. cuchia can be reared significantly except back yard tank-1 (P=0.009). But, in case of earthen ditch-1 the highest value was found in both length and weight with 5% significance level due to supplied live feeds. On the basis of the better growth, survival and production, it is suggested that the earthen ditch is one of the suitable culture environments of M. cuchia. From this study, it was also found that the live feed are suitable for obtaining highest growth performance based on the findings of plastic tank, house tanks 1 and house tank 3.

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Two trichodinid parasites,Trichodina cyprinocolaandTrichodina pediculus, were acknowledged in the gills during a sampling preparation of thirty fishChanna punctatusfrom the wild and cultured environments. However,Trichodina pediculuswas recorded only in one farmed fish. From a total of 33 parasites, 26.67% were encountered in wild and 46.67% in cultured fish. The overall incidence of infection byTrichodina cyprinocolawas 33.33% whilstTrichodina pediculuswas only 3.33%. Records from statistical analysis as well affirmed that fish host from the cultured environment constituted the highest rate of intensity(3.43±1.4), density(1.6±2.0), and infection index (11.2±13.95)values. Both trichodinid species are identified based on the study in their unique denticles structure. Relatively large size of adhesive disc with tiny curved denticles and elongated denticle rays are the exceptional denticle morphology observed inTrichodina pediculusand compact association of sickle denticles with round tangent point alongside short vigorous upright rays evaluated theTrichodina cyprinocola.

With the advancements in genetics and genomics in the twenty-first century, genetic services have become an integral part of medical practices in high-income and upper-middle-income countries. However, people living in low and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LIMCs), including Bangladesh, are rather underprivileged in receiving genetic services. Consequently, genetic disorders are emerging as a significant public health concern in these countries. Lack of expertise, high expense, the dearth of epidemiological data, insufficiently updated medical education system, poor infrastructure, and the absence of comprehensive health policies are the main factors causing people living in these countries not having access to genetic services. In this article, the authors took benefit from their professional experience of practicing medical genetics in the area and reviewed existing literature to provide their opinions. Particularly, it reviews the current knowledge of genetic disorders' burden and their causative factors in Bangladesh. It focuses on why providing genetic services is challenging in the context of the country's cultural and religious sentiment. Finally, it proposes a physician-academician collaborative framework within the existing facility that aims to tackle the challenges. Such a framework could also be useful for other LICs and LMICs to address the challenges associated with providing genetic services.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common hemoglobinopathies, which is caused by the replacement of glutamic acid with valine at the sixth position of the beta-globin amino acid chain which sickling of the entire red blood cells in the homozygous (Hb S/S) condition. There are many analyses and screening procedures were developed to detect sickle cell anemia in the early age of birth, especially from heel prick blood, but in case of developing countries, it would be more acceptable to detect sickle cell disorder using umbilical cord blood just after birth rather than using heel prick blood. In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) was used to detect β-hemoglobin gene and sickle cell disorder. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based analysis was done using two primers (wild-type and mutant type) to detect this disorder. A total number of 22 samples were enrolled in this experiment for PCR amplification among which nineteen samples were identified by amplification of both 267 bp and 517 bp fragments revealing heterozygous sickle cell trait (Hb A/S), whereas three samples were found to amplify of 517 bp only revealing healthy individuals. The result from PCR analysis was then collaborated with the information of the mothers of each sample to analyze the result more conveniently and found that the mothers of all individuals except the three samples had anemia or mild form of anemia, thus it was expected that the newborn might have anemia trait (Hb A/S) the exception was found in case of sample No. 9 and sample No. 15. Both samples showed the bands on 267 bp and 517 bp thus expressed the sickle cell disease trait although the mothers of these samples were not anemic. However, no samples were recorded having sickle How to cite this paper: