An analytical procedure for the analysis of carotenoids in marine sediments rich in organic matter has been developed. Analysis of these compounds is difficult; the application of methods used by other authors required optimization for the samples studied here. The analytical procedure involved multiple ultrasound-assisted extraction with acetone followed by liquid-liquid extraction (acetone extract:benzene:water - 15:1:10 v/v/v) and HPLC analysis. The influence of column temperature on pigment separation and the quantification method were investigated – a temperature of 5 °C was selected for the Lichrospher 100 RP-18e column. The pigments in the sediment extract were quantified using a method based on HPLC analysis (at 450 nm) and spectrophotometric measurements (at 450 nm), and extinction coefficients were determined for standard solutions at this wavelength. It is very important to use the value of the extinction coefficient appropriate to the wavelength at which the detection of carotenoids was carried out.
In this study, general methods were applied for the preparation of new iminopyridazine butyronitriles. A series of six new 4-(3-aryl-1,6-dihydro-6-iminopyridazin-1-yl)butyronitrile hydro-bromides (2a-2f) (Scheme 1) have been prepared starting from commercially available 3-amino-6-chloropyridazine in two steps with good yields. The synthesized compound’s structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and high-resolution mass structures spectral (HRMS) data.
Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 2, 131-138, 2020
The present study aimed to investigate chemical composition of essential oil (EO) from black pepper extract through steam distillation and evaluate by GCMS with in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and in silico studies. In total, thirteen volatile compounds identified by GCMS analysis. Among them, main components are d-norandrostane (14.874%), Valencene (13.297%), 1H-3a-7-Methanoazulene octahydro-1,9,9-trimethyl-4-methylene- (11.591%), (-)-spathulenol (8.193%), aromandendrene (8.398%), and naphthalenedecahydro-4a-methyl-1-methylene-7-(1-methylethylidene) (7.794%). The EO extracted from black pepper, displayed moderate antibacterial activity against ten bacterial strains (two and eight numbers of Gram-positive and Gram-negative, respectively) compared with Ceftriaxone as standard. In case of antifungal study, the EO exhibited a greater zone of inhibition with 13.7±1.5 mm against Trichodermal harzianum, compare to Amphotericin B as standard (11.7±1.5 mm). The results of antioxidant efficacy of extracted EO revealed good activity with IC50 value 35.83±2.92 μg/mL as compared to standard ascorbic acid (27.34±1.86 μg/mL). In silico studies satisfy the experimental values.
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